化工装置常用英语词汇对照一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计concept design工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off meeting审核会议review meeting外商投资foreign investment中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture补偿贸易compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方vendor买方buyer顾客client承包商contractor工程公司company供应范围scope of supply生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品by-product原料raw-material设计基础数据basic data for design技术数据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计规定design regulation现场服务site service项目变更project change用户变更client change消耗定额consumption quota技术转让technical transfer技术知识technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical services工作地点location施工现场construction field报价quotation标书bidding book公司利润company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract 定金mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金retention所得税income taxes特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures采购计划procurement plan施工计划construction plan施工进度construction schedule项目实施计划project execution plan项目协调程序project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划project master schedule设计网络计划engineering network logic项目质量保证project quality assurance项目质量控制project quality control采购procurement采购周期procurement period会签the squad check计算书calculation sheets询价inquiry检验inspection运输transportation开车start up / commission验收inspection & acceptance校核check审核review审定approve版次version部门department专业specialty项目号project number图号drawing number目录contents序言foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表）technical data sheetTBA(技术评标）technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotation MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段）detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉 powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent 还原剂reducing agent 有机物organic material 真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a)无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator 洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer 棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程piping engineering1 阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器Y-type strainerT型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛 titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel steel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection 伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing 电伴热electrical tracing 夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图 figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part number入口inlet; suction出口outlet;discharge排出口exhaust排液drain放空vent污水坑sump pit集水池collecting basin沟槽trough管沟piping trench地漏floor drain走道,过道walk way; gang way 预留区future area人孔manhole[MH]手孔handhole[HH]下水管sewer管口nozzle管口方位nozzle orientation方向direction位置location相交intersection垂直,正交,垂直的 perpendicular 平行,平行的p arallel管顶top of pipe [TOP]管底bottom of pipe [BOP]沟底bottom of trench底平flat on bottom[FOB]顶平flat on top[FOT]水平的Horizontal垂直的,立式的 vertical上升管;垂直管 riser等级分界material specification break隔热分界insulation break管道等级piping class管道材料规定piping material specification公称直径nominal (pipe) size diameter[DN]公称压力nominal pressure(pressure rating)磅/平方英寸p ounds per square inch[PSI]公斤/平方厘米 kilograms per square centimeter[kg/cm2] 管道附件piping attachment腐蚀余量corrosion allowance管段,短管spool piece ; spool直管run pipe;straight pipe弯管bend管件直连fitting to fitting水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installation对称的symmetric坡度slope管间距line spacing管道跨距line span间隙,净空clearance尺寸dimension高度height6.管道支吊架管托shoe管卡clampU型夹(卡) clevis支耳lug预埋件embedded part鞍座saddle裙座skirt支承架resting support滑动架sliding support固定架anchor导向架guide限位架stop吊架hanger弹簧架spring support弹簧托resting type;spring support 弹簧吊架spring hanger滚动支架rolling support减振器snubber标准管架standard pipe support通用管架typical pipe support悬臂架cantilever support三角架triangular support支腿legΠ型管架Π-type supportL型管架 L-type support柱式管架pole type support墙架support-on-wall管墩,低管架s leeper特殊管架special support跨度span伸出长度(指预埋螺栓) extrusion热应力分析 thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析piping flexibility analysis 力矩moment弯曲力矩bending moment扭矩torque荷载load反力reaction位移displacement附加位移appendant displacement冷紧,冷拉cold spring固定点fix point; anchor point应力stress弯曲应力bending stress轴向应力axial stress安全系数safety factor7焊接及热处理焊接welding电弧焊arc welding电熔焊electric fusion welding[EFW] 氩弧焊argon-arc welding水压试验hydraulic testing气压试验pneumatic testing8.隔热隔音及涂漆玻璃棉glass wool岩棉rock wool聚氨脂,聚氨基甲酸脂polyurethane管壳shell棉毡blanket玻璃布glass (fiber) cloth镀锌铁皮galvanized (sheet) iron;galvenized plain sheet隔热层insulation保温hot insulation保冷cold insulation人身保护personal protection隔音sound insulation吸声sound-absorbing分贝decibel涂漆painting螺栓bolt自攻螺钉self tapping screw螺母nut垫圈gasket管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread六.自动控制测量measurement测量点measurement point反馈信号feedback signal范围range精确度accuracy量程迁移span shift零点迁移zero shift信号signal模拟信号analog signal输出信号output signal输入信号input signal数字信号digital signal变送器transmitter检测仪表measuring instrument显示仪表display instrument积算器integrating instrument指示仪表indicating instrument记录仪表recording instrument盘装仪表panel-mounted instrument架装仪表rack-mounted instrument分散控制仪表distributed control system 执行器correcting unit执行机构actuator控制阀control valve座环seat ring阀芯valve plug阀座seat阀杆stem填料packing单座single ported双座double portedGLOBE阀 globe valve口径port/bore气蚀cavitation薄膜执行机构diaphragm actuator 活塞执行机构piston actuator电动执行机构electric actuator 膜片diaphragm膜盒diaphragm capsule弹簧管bourdontube比例作用proportional(P)-action 积分作用integral(I)-action微分作用derivative(D)-action正作用direct action反作用reverse action回路loop系统system串级控制cascade control前馈控制feed forward control反馈控制feedback control自力式控制 self-operated control开环控制open loop control定值控制control with fixed set point比值控制ratio control均匀控制average control分程控制split range control模糊控制fuzzy control顺序控制sequential control硬件hardware系统软件system software应用软件application software平均故障间隔时间 mean time interval between failures(MTBF)平均故障修复时间 mean time to repair(MTTR)接口interface总线bus控制室control room空调区air conditioned area就地local仪表盘instrument panel柜式仪表盘 panel of angle frame enclosed design框式仪表盘 panel of open angle frame design通道式仪表盘panel of angle frame enclosed with passageway就是式仪表盘local board操纵台control desk console保护箱shelter保温箱shelter with insulation危险区域hazardous area安全区域safe area爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere防护型式type of protection本质安全型 intrinsic safety type隔爆型flameproof enclosure type防爆通风充气型purged and pressurized enclosure type 电源power supply不间断电源 Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)气源air supply补偿导线thermocouple extension wire信号线signal wire配管piping配线wiring电缆保护管 conduit汇线槽cable/wire duct取源部件tap接管connections管件fitting三阀组three-valve manifold 分析analysis报警alarm火焰flame电导率conductivity控制control密度density差 differences电压voltage检测元件detecting element流量flow rate比 ratio视镜glass手动hand高 high电流current指示indicate功率power扫描scan时间time物位level灯 light低 low湿度humidity整体integrity中 middle节流孔orifice压力pressure真空vacuum数量quantity积算integrate累积totals核辐射radioactivity 记录record打印print速度speed频率frequency安全safety开关switch温度temperature传送transmit振动vibration风门damper百叶窗louver重量weight力 force套管well安装installation按钮push button备用电源reserve power supply背面back编号number变速speed change标准图standard drawing材料清单material list操作程序operation sequence操作说明书 operating manual成套设备complete sets of equipment出线口outlet触点contact point单层窗single window单价unit price单线图single line drawing地脚螺栓foundation bolt底图original drawing地下敷设underground laying电缆cable电气图纸electric installation drawing 电线wire端子板terminal board防静电地板 conductive flooring分线盒junction box附件appendix; accessories负荷load附录appendix隔栅grille观察窗observation window管线布置layout of pipeline桁架truss活动地板raised flooring技术参数technical parameter接地电极earth electrode接线图wiring diagram截面积sectional area静电static electricity聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆 polyvinyl chloride cable 铠装电缆armored cable埋深depth of embodiment脉冲pulse屏蔽电缆shielded cable索引index现场制作site fabrication现场安装field erection积算integrate联锁interlock数据累积data acquisition差,微分difference数字的(信号) discrete继电器隔离输出isolated relay output薄膜执行机构diaphragm actuator执行元件符号actuator symbols调节器regulator名称designation气动的pneumatic补偿compensation节流孔板restriction orifice旋涡vortex超声ultrasonic文丘里管venturi涡轮turbine阿牛巴流量计(用于大管径) annubar element 质量流量计 Coriolis meter=mass meter容积式流量计positive displacement电磁流量计 magnetic element辅助的auxiliary分布的distributed紧急情况emergency修正modifier比率ratio测量gauging气压计glass进度schedule瞬间momentary真空vacuum事件event辐射,放射radiation频率frequency多元变量multivariable变量variable多功能multifunction振动vibration分解analysis节气阀damper强制force继电器relay执行机构actuator七.储运工程码头dock or jetty罐区tank area or tank farm装卸栈台loading/unloading plat form 分配站distribution station库区warehouse area收发油站oil sending/receiving station 管理室manage room地秤房weigh bridge room(汽车)罐车 tank truck储罐storage tank气柜gas holder鹤管loading/unloading arms固体物料堆场solids stacking area罩棚shelter称重,包装weighing and packing塑料袋plastic bag编织袋woven bag铁桶steel drum运输transportation皮带运输机 belt conveyor斗式提升机 bucket elevator螺旋输送机 screw conveyor电动葫芦electric hoist桥式吊车overhead crane(rolling bridge) 叉车升降机 fork lift电瓶车battery truck汽车槽车tank car。