西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremend ous amounts of study, practice and devotion.”He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into his office when his country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end… We shall never surrender.”一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。

Some person refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome.A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse. “I don’t come sooner,” he explained, “because I imagined you must b e bored to death with people thanking you.”“On the contrary,” she replied, “I am delighted you came. Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.”Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。

The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “When the going gets tough, the toug h get going,” is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight.Dr.de Bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the step is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapse. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over.Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says,is a new technique of thinking about things—a technique that avoids this fight altogether,and solves the problem In an entirely unexpected fashion.学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事When a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often happened, the student was not treated with disappointment, anger, or annoyance. Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip — and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could to.The exact part of communication that tells a child, "I expect the best," is difficult to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal impatience, an absence of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation.The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the answers she gets will be right, and the child picks upthat conviction.感恩的益处People born under the one-child policy are always the centre of attention and have love showered on them as they grow up. So they endowed with privilege and over time, take everything from their parents for granted. Such a self-centered thinking habit leaves their spiritual world missing something intrinsic,that is, heartfelf gratitude.As research shows that people with grateful heart tend to view life in positive terms. Everything in the world has the beauty and warmth of sunshine in their eyes, despite occasional storms. Plain and simple ,these people are less materialistic and more willing to part with the material wealth they possess. For these reason, it is little wonder that they find themselves optimistic and happy, and in the meantime, more compassionate and ready to help others. However, gratitude is demanding quality and virtue involves consistent cultivation. A grateful person makes his daily investments. With a little bit of time and effort, he appreciatively perceives what people and things around him have to offer and pays tribute to it. Ultimately he turns out to be an agreeable and contented person himself.小议“考试”的利与弊People are disapprove the practice of “teaching to test” because various tests have weakened or even replaced the regular teaching in class. As to testing, it is no evil in itself. Tests and exams are an indispensible part in any learing circumstance . Well-designed tests serve to show that we have learned about a subject and help make over new knowledge permanent. Sometimes test can even help us to know ourselves-our strengths as well as weaknesses. Unfortunately, the actual purpose of exams and tests has long been ignored and all our attention goes to grades and scores. No one gives a thought to the nature and quality of what is taught. “Tell me and I forget”,Benjamin Franklin says, “Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.”So we may just take testing as a sort of “involvement”, which might help inspire in us a love of learning itself.。