纳米材料的形貌
• 一维 — 面 • 二维 — 线，带，棒
• 三维 — 球，表面处理。
溶液组成：电解质与表面活性剂 构成的胶粒
Step one：电极与溶液构成固液相界，电极 吸附 带电胶粒，构成电双层
Step two：电极处电解质发生氧化还原反应，在
电极处表面沉积，获得纳米层。
Hollow nanocrystals can be synthesized through a mechanism analogous to the Kirkendall Effect, in which pores form because of the difference in diffusion rates between two components in a diffusion couple. Starting with cobalt nanocrystals we show that their reaction in solution with oxygen and either sulfur or selenium leads to the formation of hollow nanocrystals of the resulting oxide and chalcogenides. This process provides a general route to the synthesis of hollow nanostructures of a large number of compounds. A simple extension of the process yielded platinum–cobalt oxide yolk-shell nanostructures, which may serve as nanoscale reactors in catalytic applications.
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