精选例题指代题！1、and 并列，主语对应主语——逻辑关系，迅速定位，词义对应2、宾语对应——宾语对应宾语，还有可能代前一句的主语，如果前一句如，This one is better. I like it. ——逻辑关系，迅速定位，词义对应 3一般往前找，范围一般在两句之内；如果有解释说明的（有where 、who验证：代入重读，单复数，动词结构。

例题3-01What does the undefined word "it" /"this"/"they"/"them"in Paragraph X refers to? The underlined word "it" /"this"/"they"/"them"/(paragraph X) refers to ______. What does the underlined phrase/words “XXX ”(paragraph X) refer to?例题3-02（06天津卷B ）所见即所得Dave rowed steadily ahead, relying on a mental picture of the surroundings. The mist began to rise slowly and then it soon rested inches above the still surface of the lake. The heavy silence was now being broken by the fish breaking through the surface as they leaped out of the water for low-flying insects.The underlined word “i t” in Paragraph 6 refers to______.A.fishB.boatC.silenceD.mist出题点：并列——and 。

词义的对应，主语对应主语长难句分析： The heavy silence was now being broken/ by the fish breaking through the surface/ as they leaped （跳） out of the water for low-flying insects. Still ：静止的，平静的例题3-03（05湖北卷C ）长难句的理解：主对主There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get —from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.The underlined word “these ”in Paragraph 2 refers to“_______．A ．the servicesB ．the workersC ．the goodsD ．the rules 自己做出题点：——解释说明的主语是rules ！词义的对应：主语对应主语。

例题3-04（06四川卷A ）所见即所得However, the quantity of serious writing which I produced all through my childhood would not add up to haft a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, and my mother took it down for dictation. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had "chair-like teeth" ─a good enough expression.The underlined word“it” in paragraph 2 refers to_______.A.the quantity of serious writingB.the writer’s first poemC.the writer’s childhoodD.the tiger in the poem自己做出题点：并列—and。

词义的对应，宾语对应宾语。

前后部分都是SVOTake down 记下、写下。

例题3-05（07福建卷E）所见即所得While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they required to approach .The underlined word "they" refers to________.A.the dogsB.the trainersC.the systemsD.the researchers长难句分析：Computer and video systems, (for example,) could be used by professional dog trainers/ to determine the mood of dogs that they required to approach./ 这里的that修饰的是the mood of dogs.的时候，也表示为，做一个对比：while男子打仗在边关，女子纺织在家园。

两个动作对比。

例题3-06（07天津卷D）所见即所得In meditation(冥想)，people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out ,they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds，they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go. （呼~吸~呼~吸~）The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.A. feelingsB. mindsC. peopleD. thoughts自己做句子分析，as...是状语，主语是they，宾语是them，动作是go。

—as句中是thoughts 在go，所以them对应的是thoughts。

Breath n.呼吸breathe v .呼吸Attend：出席，上（课），照料，attend to：致力于例题3-07（08全国卷一A）所见即所得The next day dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to .A. the author’s sonB. the author’s fatherC. the friend of the author’s fatherD. the café owner自己做出题点：并列——and。

词义的对应，往前找，another side =new friendin so doing：这样一来；这样做时；在这种情况下Delighted：de-加强语气，高兴的例题3-08（08福建卷B）所见即所得（句中解释who expect it at every turn）For years we have been told that encouraging a child's self-respect is importantlead to the opposite effect. Praise-acholic[ei'kɔ kids who expect it at every turn may they want to go in the backseat of the car .The underlined words “Praise –ach olic kids” refer to kids who are______.A. tired of being praisedB. worthy of being praisedat every turn（到处，事事）approval：n. 认可，赞许Extreme：极端的，extreme sports 极限运动，extremely：非常，极其。

例题3-09（08辽宁卷D）长难句+it在句首，指代在前句The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood forze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.What does the undefined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.A type of ice-salt mixture.B. A newly found protein（newly是adv.修饰adj.--found,被发现的）C. Fish blood.D. Sugar molecule.It在句首，动作是was removed（移动，删除），代指上一句，上一句是SVO，it 可以指代S或O，看S是the research，O是protein，由于it的动作是removed，所以对应前一句宾语。