Test 1A working definition of geomatics, which reflects current thinking and predicted change, is the science and technology of acquiring, storing, processing, managing, analyzing and presenting geographically referenced information（geo-spatial data）.This broad term applies both to science and technology, and integrates the following more specific disciplines and technologies including surveying and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems（GIS）, land management, computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.工作定义的地理信息，反映了当前的想法和预测的变化，是科学和技术的获取、存储、处理、管理、分析和提供地理位置引用信息（地理空间数据）。
这个广泛的期限同时适用于科学和技术，并集成了以下更具体的学科和技术，包括测绘、大地测量、卫星定位、摄影测量、遥感、地理信息systems(GIS)、土地管理、计算机系统、环境可视化和计算机图形学Test 2There are many different types of surveys, but generally speaking, surveying is divided into two major categories：geodetic and planesurveying. Surveys will either take into account the true shape of the Earth (Geodetic surveys) or treat the earth as a flat surface (Plane surveys).Additionally, surveys are conducted for the purpose of positioning features on the ground(Horizontal surveys）, determining the elevation or heights of features（Vertical surveys）or a combination of both.Most of these types of surveys employ plane rather than geodetictechniques，such as cadastral survey, topographic survey, construction survey, hydrographic survey, photogrammetric survey.有许多不同类型的调查，但一般来说，测量分为两个主要类别：大地测量和平面测量。
调查将考虑到地球（大地测量）的真实形状或将地球视为一个平坦的表面（平面调查）。
此外，调查是为了定位功能在地上（水平调查），确定标高或高度的功能（垂直调查）或两者的组合。
大多数的这些类型的调查采用平面而不是等地籍测量、地形测量、施工测量、水文测量、摄影测量大地测量技术。
Test 3Theodolite tacheometry is an example of stadia system. The theodolite is directed at the level staff where the staff is held vertically and the line of sight of the telescope is horizontal. By reading the top and bottom stadia hairs on the telescope view and then the horizontal distance from center of instrument to rod can be obtained by multiplying the stadia interval factor K by the stadia interval and plus the distance C which is from the center of instrument to principal focus, i.e. D＝Ks＋C经纬仪tacheometry是体育场馆系统的一个示例。
经纬仪被针对一级工作人员哪里工作人员垂直举行和望远镜的视线是水平的。
通过阅读上望远镜的顶部和底部的运动场毛发视图，然后从仪器的中心到杆的水平距离可以获得的视距间隔系数K 乘以视距间隔和再加上距离 C 是从仪器的中心到主要重点，即 D = Ks + CTest 4A total station integrates the functions of an electronic theodolite formeasuring angles, an EDM for measuring distances, digital data and a data recorder. After the instrument has been set up on a control station, centered, leveled and properlyoriented, and the prism target has been set up over another point whose position is to bemeasured, the surveyor may focus the target and depress a button. Then output from thehorizontal and vertical circular encoders and from the EDM can be displayed at the instrument and stored in a data collector and enters into a built-in microprocessor. The microprocessor can convert the measured slope distance to the horizontal distance using the measuredvertical or zenith angle. The microprocessor also computes the difference in elevation between the instrument center and the prism target.全站仪集成电子经纬仪测量角度，测量距离、数字数据和数据记录器的EDM 的功能。
该文书已上控制站，居中、调配和正确导向，设置了和棱镜目标成立了，在另一个点的位置是要测量后，验船师可能重点目标，按下按钮。
然后可以在仪器显示并存储在数据收集器输出从横向和纵向的圆形编码器和EDM 和进入一个内置的微处理器。
微处理器可以转换使用测量的垂直或天顶角的水平距离的测量边坡的距离。
微处理器也计算在海拔仪器中心和棱镜的目标之间的差异。
Test 5A vertical angle is an angle measured in a vertical plane which is referenced to a horizontalline by plus（up）or minus（down）angles, or to a vertical line from the zenith direction. Plus and minus vertical angles are sometimes referred to as elevation or depression anglesrespectively. A vertical angle thus lies between 0º and±90º. Zenith is the term describingpoints on a celestial sphere that is a sphere of infinitely large radius with its center at thecenter of the earth. The zenith angle is an angle measured ina vertical plane downward from anupward directed vertical line through the instrument. It is thus between 0ºand 180º. Obviously the zenith angle is equal to 90ºminus the vertical angles. Vertical angles or zenithsare used in the correction of slope distance to the horizontal or in height determined.垂直角度是在由加（向上）引用到水平线的垂直测量角度或减号（向下）的角度，或从天顶方向垂直线条。
加号和减号垂直角度有时称为高程或抑郁角度分别。
垂直角度因而谎言0 º和±90º之间。
天顶是描述点是无限地大半径与它在地球的中心的中心的一个球形天体球面上的术语。
天顶角度是角度测量在一个垂直平面向下从向上指示垂直线条通过文书。
因此，是0 º和180 °之间。
很明显的天顶角度等于减去垂直角度90 º。
垂直角度或zeniths 用于在边坡距离与水平的校正或在确定的高度。