浅谈“如何做好英语阅读理解”魏宝宝(甘肃省文县玉垒小学甘肃文县 746400)阅读理解在各类英语考试中都占有相当大比例,甚至有“得阅读者得天下”之说,其重要性在英语考试中举足轻重,这一环节的得分直接影响了最终的结果。
但是,对于绝大多数学生而言,这部分却成了一块难啃的骨头,其中原因很多,本文中,笔者结合自己教学实际经验,通过探索总结,得出以下思考和方法:一:词汇积累是基础。
英语阅读理解虽要求为对我们所读文章的理解,其实,其对我们真正的理解力的要求是很低的,与语文考试中的阅读没有一点可比性。
如果,我们对文章中所出现的词汇都非常熟悉,知其意思,明其用法,那么存在所谓的“理解”问题就很渺小了。
绝大多数情况之下,无法理解,就是由不认识单词所导致的对文章的“不是所云”。
所以,一定量的词汇积累是做好理解理解的关键,更是整个英语学习的关键。
词汇的积累是每一个学习者必须要面临的一项艰巨浩大的工程,由于每一个学习者勤奋程度的不同,学习掌握词汇的方法不同等一系列因素,导致其做阅读理解的词汇基础存在很大的差异。
对于词汇的掌握,本人不赞成死记硬背,而是通过句子,通过单词所出现的具体的语境,多读,多看,而达到熟知它的目的。
二:忠于原文是关键,消灭主观与臆断。
在做阅读理解的时候一定要牢牢的把握好一个原则,就是忠于原文。
阅读理解是要理解必须阅读,文章中提供的相关信息就是我们理解做题的根据,而不是根据我们的日常学习或生活的经验来想当然的做出判断。
只有忠于原文所提供的信息,我们解题才是有根可循,有据可依的。
三:做题过程中需要方法和步骤,不能举目无措。
为论述的方便,笔者将2011年某中考英语试题的一道阅读理解题摘录如下,结合真题,对解题方法和步骤进行说明。
Do you know why different animals or pests (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees.Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over (散开), its enemies (敌人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.( )1.From the passage we learn that locusts________.A. are small animalsB. are easily found by birdsC. are dangerous to their enemiesD. change their colors to protect themselves( )2.How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?A. They run away quickly.B. They have the colors much like their enemies.C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.D. They have to move quietly. ( )3.Bears and lions can keep safe because _________.A. they have the colors much like the treesB. they move quietlyC. they like brown and gray colorsD. they live in forests( )4.Why can the kind of fish live up to now?A. Because it is very and strong.B. Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.C. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.D. Because it swims faster than any other fish.( )5.Which is the best title for this passage?A. The Change of Colors for Animals and PestsB. Colors of Different Animals and PestsC. The Main Use of Colors for Animals and PestsD. Some Animals and Pests1:首先精读第一段,明白主旨与大义。
一般情况之下,文章的第一段会透露出它的题材或将要表达的中心思想。
通过阅读首段,我们就知道了此文是讲什么的,作者是要告诉我们关于哪一方面的信息或是知识,从而激起我们关于这方面已有的知识储备。
若做题者果真对这方面的题材非常熟知,或是并不陌生,那么,对下一步的解题将产生极大的促进意义。
此题首段内容为:“Do you know why different animals or pests (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.”通过阅读我们得知首段的大意是:不同的动物或是昆虫有自己特殊的颜色,这种特殊的颜色是用来保护他们的。
我们很容易联系到生物课上所学到的动物的“保护色”这一块知识。
通过概括,我们明确了本文的主体“是动物`.颜色”。
2:回到文后读问题,带着目标找信息。
读完首段,待我们明白了文章的主旨之后,就开始看文章之后问题的设计。
读问题可以让我们的阅读不再盲目,避免文章读完了,但是似无所获,不知所云情况的发生。
这样也可以有效的减轻我们的阅读压力,对问题逐个击破就是对文章逐步蚕食的过程,将文章从整体割裂成部分,就是把从整体解决问题转化成解决局部问题。
带着问题再读文章可以使我们的阅读具有明确的目的,并且,每一个问题之中都包含有一个“题眼”,也就是作者所要考察的信息点,通常为一个单词或词组,并且“题眼”是绝对在原文中出现的。
找到题眼或是中心词之后,带着题眼快速的在原文中定位,看“题眼”所在文章中的位置,找到信息句,必要的时候,拓宽到前后相关的句子,通过分析,做出答案。
本题的第一个问题是:1.From the passage we learn that locusts________.通过读题,找到“题眼”是“locusts”,接着在文章中对“locusts”迅速定位,在第二段第一句,阅读“locusts”所在的信息句:“Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops(庄稼)”我们得知:birds不容易抓获“locusts”的原因是:“locusts”可以根据庄稼颜色的变化而做出变化而达到保护自己。
分析选项,就很容易的能够确定“D change their colors to protect themselves”。
再看第二题:2.“How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?”。
首先找题眼:“pests with different colors”,第二步定位:第二段第五句。
第三步,结合问题分析题眼所在句及相关句得出:pests with different colors很容易被others 找到吃掉,因此他们“appear only at night”.第四步:选出答案,通过第三步的分析不难选出C 项“They hide themselves by day and appear at night”。
3:遵循顺序原则,从前到后逐个击破。
英语阅读中问题的设计一般是遵循顺序原则的,就是说,问题的设计是根据相关信息在文章中出现的先后顺序而给定的。