2015年上海市高三年级六校联考英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（共103分）Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)It doesn’t sound pleasant, but a powder made from the waste of gut (消化道) bacteria seems to stop people (25)______ (gain) weight.When we digest fiber, the bacteria in our guts give off a fatty acid, (26)______ makes our body release a certain material. As a result, we feel full.Gary Frost of Imperial College London and his colleagues have made a more (27) ______ (concentrate) form of that material. “That the po wder gives you eight times the amount of someone (28)______ (follow) a typical Western diet,” Frost told New Scientist.(29)______ (stabilize) a person’s weight could have a big health impact, said Frost.As people on Western diets grow older, they gain an average of 0.3 to 0.8 kilograms per year. The powder, when (30)______ (drink) daily mixed in with fruit juice or a milkshake, helped dozens of overweight volunteers stick (31)______ their weight over six months, while others on a normal diet continued to put on weight.It sounds easy and quick. But are you sure you want to drink this instead of simply exercising more (32)______ (lose) weight?(B)Every year dozens of films are released, yet (33)______ ______ are forgotten after six months? Movies come and go, as throwaway as popcorn bags left on the floor of a cinema. But of those few films that do stay in people’s minds, there is one that is truly “evergreen”.(34)______ you’re young or old, or where ver you are in the world, the 1939 classic Gone with the Wind never seems to become unpopular. December 2015 the film celebrated its 75th birthday.The movie is based on a best-selling book of the same name by US author Margaret Mitchell. Hollywood was soon interested in turning the novel into a movie.The story is set in the periods before, during and after the American Civil War (1861-65), (35)______ the war is more of a backdrop(背景)to the story than animportant part of it. The story is about relations between members of high-class southern families.At the heart of the film is Scarlett O’Hara. Beautiful and strong-willed, Scarlett is in love with a man, Ashley Wilkes, (36)______ heart belongs to another, Melanie Hamilton. Still, she tries to win Ashley’s heart.One man, Rhett Butler, is especially interested in Scarlett. Rhett is as wild in his own way as she is. But although she flirts(调情)with Rhett, and despite the fact that she eventually marries him, she never really loves Rhett. It’s only when she finally realizes that she can’t have Ashley (37)______ she turns back to her husband.But, (38)______ anyone who has seen the movie will know, by that point Rhett doesn’t want her back and Scarlett is left with nobody (39)______ (love).This Civil War period piece repaid the time and effort of the filmmakers who worked on it. Over two decades, it held the record for making the most money of any film ever (40)______ (make). It’s the kind of movie that every studio dreams of making.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. EachInstitute of Age Research gave a very exciting answer: 500 years.Think about it. If that had been the case many years ago, a person could have lived from the Ming Dynasty until now.But that idea was 41 by scientists at a recent medical conference in the UK, The Times reported.Speaking at the conference, British neurobiologist Sir Colin Blakemore, 70, claimed there is a limit on how long humans can live, and how much the body can age. Instead of 500 years, 120 years might be a real 42 limit to human lifespan.His estimate was based on current 43 and a look at medical effects.The number of people living past 100 in the world has 44 by 71 percent in the past decade, the Daily Mail reported. Blakemore agreed that this figure would continue to rise. But people living for longer than 120 years is “so rarely 45 ” that, even with medical and technological 46 , it is unlikely that we can expect more than that, he said.His claims 47 those made previously by researchers at the Buck Institute of Age Research in California.In 2013, they changed two genetic (基因的)pathways in a tiny worm, and the creature lived a life five times as long as a normal one.If that technology could one day be used on human beings, it could 48 human lives to 500 years, the Daily Mail reported.But no matter which number is the ceiling for our lifespans, 120 or 500 years, it would take years for scientists to make that true for most people.We don’t have to completely rely on 49 breakthroughs to live a longer life, however.On Oct 21, the Gerontological Society of China published a report on centenarians (百岁老人) in China. There are 58,789 people above the age of 100 now in our country, with the oldest being 128 years old.And by looking at these people’s lifestyles, the society worked out a 50 for a long life: outdoor activities, more communication with others, and a healthy diet containing lots of fruit, vegetables, and low-fat food.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.While the full picture has yet to emerge, it appears that the reason for the loss of AirAsia flight QZ8501 is different from the losses of MH370 and MH17 earlier this year. MH17, shot down in Ukraine, was clearly a man-made disaster;QZ8501’s disappearance appears to be weather-related. MH370’s loss remains a mystery.Even though cloud-computing(云计算)could help advance the status(状态)of the black box in terms of the investigation after such incidents, as we are only too aware, nature – in the form of bad weather – often plays a significant role in airline disasters. Is there anything we can do, on the ground, to lower the 51 of these weather-related incidents?Recently,Microsoft Research illustrated that by combining real-time data from nearby flights, it is possible to 52 the wind speed to an accuracy 10 times better than the weather simulations(模拟)by supercomputers. Augmenting the data collected from real-time sensors from the cloud, one can create a better simulation, 53 the advances in the internet of flying things.The internet of flying things refers to the technology that is ready for adoption by agencies on the ground that want to get a bird’s-eye view of weather conditions. The basic technology is already 54 for less than £500: equipping a drone(无人机) or unmanned airborne vehicle with a GoPro quality camera, enthusiastic fans can already survey the neighborhood from the air.If we look at the air crash incidents caused by bad weather conditions, can the killer technology of cloud computing and augmented reality be used as a life saver?W hen you fly into such wind speeds, is it not difficult to change one’s actions55 ? Isn’t the flight simply doomed? Not necessarily. In this case, had nearby flying objects logged(记录)the abnormal wind speeds earlier, they would have been able toinform air traffic control in time to 56 a warning to flight QZ8501. In these situations, often timely interventions(干预) can save lives.But before this idea can 57 be realized, there are at least three obstacles to overcome if we want to use the power of the internet of flying objects.The first thing to note is that these flying objects shouldn’t be 58 to aircraft. We could be talking about weather balloons, drones – anything in the air, in short, but these objects need to be identifiable. Only though 59 can messages from these flying objects be recognized and trusted by authorities such as FAA. So, for example, the drones that – it is imagined – will be carrying goods to households must be 60 and their call signs logged by the authorities before they can be of any practical help. At present they are not. In other words, the autonomous(非政府的)flying objectsare required to collaborate with air traffic controllers if we want to build a picture that will deliver a secure and trustworthy solution.61 , these regulated and registered flying objects need to be effectively networked, so that – through the 62 of real-time data – the crowd-sourced(基于大众资源的)information delivers as accurate a picture as possible. Resolving any conflicts arising from information coming in from multiple sources requires a good computational model that can assign 63 weight to the various sources.And this collected data needs to depict a physical truth to decision makers –whether they are in front of the desk in the air traffic control center, on the flight deck of a nearby aircraft or in command of the rescue team. The task of confirming available 64 against any possible internal flaws or external tampering(干扰) would require that network security levels are brought to another level.These three 65 are basic, but if they can be overcome, they might offer us a better opportunity to use today’s technology to provide safer air transport in the future.51. A. risk B. disturbance C. uncertainty D. threat52. A. check B. follow C. predict D. monitor53. A. thanks to B. in spite of C. with reference to D. other than54. A. feasible B. possible C. profitable D. available55. A. secretly B. accordingly C. ambitiously D. unexpectedly56. A. ignore B. withdraw C. issue D. reserve57. A. practically B. financially C. academically D. purposely58. A. committed B. entitled C. limited D. presented59. A. administration B. identification C. communication D. indication60. A. sponsored B. selected C. eliminated D. regulated61. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. In general62. A. preparation B. protection C. exchange D. description63. A. appropriate B. similar C. extra D. tremendous64. A. instruction B. outlook C. measure D. evidence65. A. arrangements B. requirements C. achievements D. arguments Section BDirections：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)HE “is having the time of his life as ‘America’s favoritenerd’,” said US magazine Adweek. Sheldon Cooper is a cleverand confident scientist who understands the laws of quantumphysics in the hit US sitcom The Big Bang Theory. The showwill come back for its eighth season on Sept 22, 2014.Jim Parsons, 41, who has brought this popular character tolife, collected his fourth Emmy Award for Lead Actor in aComedy Series in last month.Unlike Sheldon, Parsons doesn’t read comic books orworship the space captains of Star Trek, but he says that hedoes have a few uncool interests – mainly things like crossword puzzles and poetry.Howeve r, there are some other similarities between the two: they’re both smart and they both use hard work to do well in their chosen jobs.Parsons earned a master’s degree in classical theater from the University of San Diego. But he was a struggling actor for years before he found fame, searching constantly for a role in either television, film or theater. After he moved to New York in the early 2000s, he would audition(试镜)for as many as 15 TV shows per season.Then, in 2007, Parsons was given a script for The Big Bang Theory. After reading it, he felt immediately that the role of Sheldon would be very good for him. “There was something in his inability to understand sarcasm, his inability to read emotions … in a general sense, that I understood,” he told The New York Times.To play Sheldon, Parsons was required to understand the complicated rhythm of Sheldon’s speech and use his clumsy physical actions.Some of the show’s difficult language, especially its technical terms from science, reminded Parsons of reading Shakespeare while at university. He memorized his dialogue carefully beforehand, writing out his lines on white cards. He created exact physical worlds for Sheldon, even down to the spots where he would place his hat or coat.“The way I was forced to a pproach Shakespeare is very similar in my mind to theway I’m forced to approach some aspects of Sheldon,” he told US magazine Playbill.Parsons’ hard-working and intellectual approach has won him loyal fans. “Every time we run a story on him, our hits go way up,” Clifford Pugh, editor-in-chief of US website CultureMap told CNN. “He’s up there with Beyonce and Lady Gaga.”66. Jim Parsons is ______.A. an America’s favorite nerdB. a clever and confident scientistC. an actor with four Emmy AwardsD. a popular character in The Big Bang67. We does the underlined sentence “…who has brought this popular character tolife” mean ______.A. Sheldon Cooper is a clever but lifeless nerdB. Parson’s acting as the character is true to lifeC. Sheldon Cooper has the appearance of being aliveD. Parson saved Sheldon Cooper’s life68. Before Parson’s success in The Big Bang, ______.A. He was long unrecognized to the publicB. He enjoyed his fame as a struggling actorC. His master’s degree little helped him get rolesD. He auditioned for 15 TV shows in New York69. What can we know about the way Parson played Sheldon?A. He couldn’t understand the complicated rhythm of Sheldon’s speech.B. He learned how to understand technical terms by reading Shakespeare again.C. He created clumsy physical actions for Sheldon.D. He referred to his college experience of studying Shakespeare.(B)A NEW study from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) will land on the desks of policymakers around the world next month. It will make sobering reading for political leaders in many countries. In Sweden Jan Bjorklund, the education minister, is prepared for poor marks too.The triennial study by the OECD, a think-tank, measures the reading, maths and science proficiency of 15-year-olds. In the first study, in 2000, Swedish pupils performed a lot better than those in most other countries. But even as the country’s schools inspired imitators elsewhere, their results have deteriorated. In 2009 Sweden’s overall score fell below the OECD average. Other rankings show a similar trend.“I assume the results will continue falling. It will take several more years before the positive effects of our policy begin to show in global ratings,” says Mr Bjorklund, referring to a n overhaul of Sweden’s education system. Since coming to power in 2006, the centre-right coalition government has introduced reforms such as a new national curriculum. Mr Bjorklund, who heads the Liberal party, is convinced he can reverse the decline. But will voters have the patience to wait? With universities complaining that students arrive unprepared and companies worrying that Sweden will lose out to other countries, a sense of urgency is in the air. Education will beimportant in next year’s election.What went wrong? Money is not the problem. Free education from primary school to university has long been a pillar of Sweden’s welfare system, and public spending on education is among the world’s highest, according to the OECD. Immigration is high, though this according to Skolverket—the National Agency for Education—had only a marginal effect on overall results.Mr Bjorklund blames the poor results on the period when the Social Democrats were in charge. Others say poorly paid teachers are at fault. The profession, once highly regarded, has seen salaries fall far behind other jobs requiring a higher-education degree. The student demand for teaching programs is so low that almost anyone applying will be accepted. As many teachers approach retirement, unions warn of a teacher crisis ahead. In hopes of making the job more attractive, a career programme with better pay was launched this year.A growing gap between schools is another reason, says Skolverket. Sweden is now one of the few countries to show both worse results and more inequality. Free school choice is a contributing factor. The system, introduced 20 years ago, allows parents to choose between municipal schools and independent schools, all financed by tax money. The aim was to increase quality by competition, but it has also led to the best students flocking to the same schools.70. The PISA’s new study indicates that ______.A. Many other countries imitate Sweden’s free education patternB. Sweden’s rankings declined compared to many years agoC. Swedish pupils fall behind those in other countries for yearsD. Sweden ranked low in social science, history and English71. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. Universities are unsatisfied with new students’ academic proficiency.B. V oters long for the immediate result of the education reform.C. It won’t be long before Sweden revives in the global rating.D. Education will have influence on the following year’s election.72. What does the author say about the education in Sweden?A. No students apply for teaching programs because teachers are poorly paid.B. The Social Democrats weren’t to blame for the poor results of pupils.C. Immigration is a big barrier to overcome in Swedish education system.D. The highest expenditure on education distinguishes Sweden from others.73. The free school choice widens the gap between schools because ______.A. the best students prefer the same schoolB. it was aimed to increase competitionC. it allows parents to choose between different schoolsD. municipal and independent schools are all tax-funded(C)BACK in the rosy mid-2000s, immigrants were tolerated and sometimes even welcomed in Britain. Times were good, and the hard-grafting folk who rushed in after Poland joined the EU in 2004 fared well. But five years of economic slump have hardened attitudes. Polls suggest the locals are turning frosty just as a new wave of immigrants, from Bulgaria and Romania, rumbles towards the nation’s shores. Politicians reflect those fears. Yet the evidence suggests more immigration would be a boost, not a drag.Britain’s native population is remarkably stable. Since the early 1990s births have tallied so closely with deaths and emigration that the head count has been flat. Almost all of the country’s pop ulation growth is down to immigration. The number of non-natives living in Britain rose from 4.8m in 1995 to 13.4m in 2011. Immigrants might make up a quarter of the country’s population by 2015.The mixed background of Britain’s immigrants helps explain t heir effect on the labour market. The Migration Advisory Committee, an official commission, looked across a range of statistical studies and rubbished the notion that aliens push down wages and lift unemployment. There is little evidence of a relationship between immigration and average wages (indeed, some studies find that wages rise). If there is a deleterious effect on employment, it seems to come from a specific type of immigrant—those from outside the EU—and to affect low-skilled natives.Immigration does, however, seem to accentuate income inequality in Britain. New arrivals tend to have hugely variable skills, from hotshot programmers to manual labourers. They add disproportionately to the top and bottom of the wage scale, making it seem more polarised. And the perception of stiffening competition for low-paid work may be driving public opinion. In 2005 YouGov, a pollster, found that 56% of Britons supported the freedom of EU citizens to live and work where they chose. In the latest poll just 38% did.This is not, however, a good reason to block immigration more strenuously, as both the Conservative and Labour parties pledge to do. Other factors are more important in pushing down wages in basic jobs. New technology has reduced the need for unskilled work. Income inequality is rising across the world, not just in Britain.But immigration can be part of the solution. Immigrants are, on average, better educated than natives, according to a forthcoming paper by Christian Dustmann of University College London and Tommaso Frattini of the University of Milan. This means Britain gains from their skills without having to invest in schools. And they help balance the books. The researchers carefully allocated fiscal costs and revenues to natives and immigrants. They found some similarities: newcomers tend to be about as likely to live in social housing as natives. But immigrants are much less likely to receive any kind of state benefits. Immigrants from Europe and those who arrived after 2000, whatever their origin, are especially cheap.74. Which of the following is not true according to the first paragraph?A. Britain used to tolerate and welcome immigrants in the mid-2000s.B. The evidence suggests more immigrants will slow down the economy.C. Politicians fear that there will be a huge number of new immigrants.D. Local people in Britain hold cold attitudes towards new immigrants now.75. In the second paragraph, the author doesn’t indicate ______.A. Three out of four people in Britain will possibly be non-natives by 2015B. Immigration is the contributing factor to the population growth in BritainC. There is no obvious change in emigration out to other countriesD. Birth and death rates have remained at almost equal levels for a long time76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The Conservative and Labour parties don’t want to block immigration.B. The notion that aliens push down wages and lift unemployment is acceptable.C. New technology is more important in lower wages and income inequality.D. The harmful effect of immigration on low-paid work changed public opinion.77. What does the author imply in paragraph 6 by saying “But immigration can bepart of the solution”?A. Immigrants is a solution to unemployment.B. Immigrants can’t receive any state benefits.C. Immigrants are the cheap labour for Britain.D. Immigrants have to invest in school education.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.SPACE travel has officially entered a new era. We still can’t fly through space at the speed of light, but two new and exciting spacecrafts could be carrying astronauts into space as early as 2016.The US space agency NASA has awarded Boeing and SpaceX the task of building the next generation of space taxis for its astronauts.Boeing’s CST-100 is just over 4.5 meters wide, slightly wider than SpaceX’s Dragon V2 (at 3.7 meters). While they might not look large enough to be comfortable for even the smallest astronaut, believe it or not, both spacecrafts are designed to carry a maximum of seven people.Both spacecrafts have similar overall designs. NASA’s iconic shuttles were designed like a space plane. The CST-100, however, is based on capsule designs. It is similar to the one that George Clooney flew in the movie Gravity.It is SpaceX that is the cooler company and may have made the cooler spacecraft. Its founder, Elon Musk, is the CEO of the electric car company Tesla Motors.According to reports, the Dragon V2 will be able to land with “the accuracy of a helicopter” by using eight thruster engines to control its landing. Inside the spacecraft, the pilot’s pull-down control screen is futuristic, yet simple and beautiful. It looks like it could have been designed by Apple.Boeing, on the other hand, has an impressive safety record with its airplanes, and the CST-100 is no exception. Unlike the Dragon V2, it needs parachutes and airbags for its landing. Both spacecrafts are reusable a number of times, which is set to “revolutionize” the industry, according to experts.Of course, no capsule or space plane is useful unless it has a rocket to launch itinto space. SpaceX has already sent a rocket into space and will use its existing model, while Boeing is currently developing a rocket to send its capsule into space.With NASA’s support for private space companies marking a new era, space tourism is closer than ever before. So, in the words of American singer Frank Sinatra, “fly me to the moon!”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS.)78. Boeing and SpaceX are designated by NASA to manufacture ________________.79. In addition to nearly the same size, what do CST-100 and Dragon V2 have incommon?80. Different from Boeing’s CST-100, the Dragon V2 will use ________________for its accurately safe landing.81. What is the advantage of SpaceX over Boeing?第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 街对过曾经有一家面包店。