定语从句：定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。
引导定语从句的关系词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词：when, where, why定语从句关系词的选用1．只能用that 不用which 作关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none, one 等不定代词时(something 除外)。
(2) 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物(5) 当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰6)在以疑问词who, which, what 开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。
7)当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略。
(8)当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略。
2．指物只能用which 不用that 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
如：St.Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a verybeautiful city.圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。
(2)在介词后面。
如：This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的那个屋子。
3．指人时只能用who 不用that 的情况先行词为one, ones, those, anyone, he 时。
如：Those who break the law must be punished.那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。
4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom shecould turn for help.5.关系代词as 和which 的区别(1)which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as 引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。
如：David, as you know, is a photographer. 戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。
(不可用which)Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。
(不可用which)(2)as 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be 或别的系动词，但which 不受此限制。
如：Li Ming was late, which ( ＝and this) made Mr. Zhang veryangry. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。
(不可用as)(3)as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which 不受此限制。
如：He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。
(不可用as) (4)as 有“正如”之意，而which 则意为“这( 件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it 来代替(5)as 多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected (不出所料)，as often happens (正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all (众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)等。
三、特殊句式1.as 引导限制性定语从句常用句式(1)such＋名词＋as... 像¡-¡-一样的，像¡-¡-之类的We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(2)the same＋名词＋as... 和¡-¡-同样的He is not the same man as he was.2.当先行词是way，意为“方式、方法”，在定语从句中作状语时，引导词可以用that/in which/不填。
如：The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.定语从句的习题：1. I‟d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015全国Ⅰ)2.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.(2015广东).3.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.(2014全国Ⅰ).4.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball.(2014广东).5.People should not do things will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.(2014湖南).6.In the following years ,there were fewer drop-outs and more college graduates in my village,I am proud of even today.7. Is that the newspaper for you often write articles?8.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about I am not sure?9.1949 was the year in our country was founded.10. Do you know the man to I spoke just now?st month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from effects the people are still suffering.12.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of were made of small diamonds.13.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of the sailing time was 226 days.宾语补足语有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, cause, enable, encourage, get, invite, order, teach, tell 等后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I invited him to come （come）here.He was invited (come) here.The teacher allowed me (finish) my homework on Friday.在make, let, have等使役动词后；在see, watch, look at, observe, feel, hear, listen to, notice等表示感官的动词后省去动词不定式符号“to”。
但如这些词用被动，则带toThat made me (quit)He was heard (reject) the suggestion.-ed 做宾补1.感官动词see, hear, find sb/sth done等2.使役动词have，get, leave, keep等He raised his voice to make himself (hear).We heard the story (tell).We heard the story (tell) when I came in.当动词变成被动时They left the work half (do).The work was left half (do).Her bike was found (steal).-ing做宾补1.感官动词see, hear, find sb. doing等2.使役动词have，get, leave, keep, send, won‟t have sb doing等I found the man (lie) on the ground.Tom kept us (wait) in the wind.The explosion sent us (run) in all directions.I won‟t have my children (say)dirty words.当谓语动词变成被动时The man was found (lie) on the ground.We were kept (wait) in the wind.动词不定式复合结构It‟s difficult for you (study)English.It‟s nice of you(help) me.I feel it right (tell) her the truth.动名词复合结构在句中作主语或宾语等由动名词的逻辑主语即物主代词或名词所有格+动名词短语构成Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to usShe insisted on me/my/her mother(…s) (stay) for lunch当“have”作“有”解释时，如果后面跟有表达某些感情的名difficulty, trouble, problem,fun, a hard time等通常使用动名词，实际上这种句型是在动名词前省去了介词in。