新专八写作I. 概述关注教育、文化、社会、科技等方面的新动态培养国际化的视野、评判性思维能力（素材来源：TED演讲，Beijing Review，Readers' Digest等）II. 样卷作文题目With the continued growth of online teaching systems and integration of massive open online courses (MOOCS) into higher education, college study will never be the same for both professors and students. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 要求1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;2. give your comment.评分标准Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.UniversityThe University of Washington (UW) in the US isn't shy about the benefits and drawbacks of online education. UW concedes online courses may be more effective for self-directed learners, and students who are not organized and in possession of good time-management skills may struggle. Thus, students should ask themselves whether they are capable of learning independently before signing up for online coursework.UW also mentions online courses may not be able to accurately replicate the vibrant sense of intellectual community that has been at the heart of higher education for ages. This might lead some to miss out on learning and networking opportunities. StudentsJasmine Barta of Arizona State University: I take about half my classes online each semesters, and I'll tell you why: Online classes are the secret to a happier, fuller and less stressful college experience. Some students complain about the lack of social interaction and the ease with which they can forget to meet a deadline. But for methese concerns fall flat in the face of the convenience, flexibility and independence online learning offers.Chang Hanyi of Boston University: In order to squeeze in some extra learning without taking the focus away from her major, I enrolled in a pass/fail online reading and writing workshop. The coursework is actually as demanding as my other regular language classes. But what I have learned so far is beyond my expectations. My professor assigns weekly assignments each Monday, and I am required to read, write study blogs and take quizzes regularly. I am also required to respond to comments from my professor and classmates. So, taking online courses doesn't mean zero physical interaction with your instructions. My professor even invited me to face-to-face meetings tour times to add address article structure in my writing assignments. My professor also uploads Video clips to review class content and audio to clarify some thorny points. Despite the hard work, I still enjoy cyber interaction with my professor and classmates.Yang Yang of Pecking University: With MOOCS, we are no longer confined to a classroom at a certain time slot. (flexibility?)Whenever I feel in the mood to study, I take out my laptop or iPad to watch course videos. I am now taking Legal Writing and Research on Coursera, a popular MOOCS platform. Each week, four or six courses videos are released for us students to learn. Apart from the teaching sessions, there are also quizzes to assess whether I have grasped the knowledge well. Quiz scores make up 32 percent of my final score. The great thing about the quizzes is we even have them before each course. This encourages me to finish all the reading and preview the class early. (motivating?) Although MOOCS are improving my learning experiences, this new form of teaching cannot compete with traditional ways of learning in terms of teacher-student interaction.I used to ask questions immediately after class. But with MOOCS, we only have office hours for question and answer sessions. Most of the time, I won't bother to go.III. 解题框架第一段：概述正反观点（抓关键词和论点句，忽略细节，用自己的话解释）第二段：过渡、阐述自己的观点（分述理由和例证，利用此前被忽略的细节）第三段：总结重述自己的观点（强调观点的重要性）90/170/40头脑风暴......IV. 参考范文From the excerpts, we can see that UW holds that not all the students are suitable for online courses, which may not be able to provide the same vibrant sense as the intellectual community. Thus, students should make their decision according to their own situation. Nevertheless, many more students are inclined to use online classes in recent years. Most of them believe that the convenience, flexibility and independence of online courses overwhelm its weak points which are the lacking of interaction with teacher and the possibility of missing out on the deadline.With some disadvantages existing in online courses, however, the benefits still overwhelm its shortcomings. Students may lack direct communication with teachers and their confusion cannot be solved instantly. But I would like to pay more attention to its advantages. First, online courses needn't have face-to-face communication and are not limited by time and place, which facilitate both teachers and students. Secondly, online courses release teachers from repeating the same contents since the video or audio material can be played time and again. With the popularization of the Internet, online courses are gaining more and more popularity. As a new teaching pattern, online courses have become an effective complement to traditional classrooms. And I believe that the largest welfare is its promotion on education of remote areas. For one thing, online education makes it possible for people in remote areas to learn the subjects they are interested in. For another, people have a wider range of choices compared with previous model of study, because they can listen to the best lessons by the first-class teachers in the country, or even in the world.In brief, online courses are playing a more and more important role in modern education. More effective education is certainly to be achieved if traditional teaching patterns and the modern ones like network classrooms can be combined together.V. 练习题E-readers and tablets are becoming more popular as such technologies improve, but controversy of digital reading versus print reading appears. The following are arguments from supporters of digital reading and their competitors. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;2. give your comment.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Supportive arguments:Technology codes our minds. Magazines are now useless and impossible to understand, for digital natives—that is, for people who have been interacting with digital technologies from a very early age. Most of the digital reading that digital natives "practice" is at home on Instagram, chat lines, Facebook and texting. Since they are choosing to read and respond in these mediums, and since they have considerable prior knowledge and expertise in the subject matter, their engagement and comprehension is high.Opposite arguments:Evidence from laboratory experiments, polls and consumer reports indicates that modern screens and e-readers fail to adequately recreate certain tactile experiences of reading on paper that many people miss and, more importantly, prevent people from navigating long texts in an intuitive and satisfying way. In turn, such navigational difficulties may subtly inhibit reading comprehension. Compared with paper, screens may also drain more of our mental resources while we are reading and make it a little harder to remember what we read when we are done. A parallel line of research focuses on people's attitudes toward different kinds of media. Whether they realize it or not, many people approach computers and tablets with a state of mind less conducive to learning than the one they bring to paper.Opinions are divided on the issues of whether digital reading or printing reading benefits. Supporters of digital reading claim that technology shapes human minds, with which digital natives accomplish flawless involvement in their reading. However, opponents of digital reading argue the limited mental involvement hereinto and think highly of traditional print reading, which promotes concrete reading experiences and facilitates thorough reader comprehension.Arguments of either side make sense. But what I prefer, as a conventional reader, is to read with printing paper. Firstly, good readers are definitely active readers engaged with the text and one of the best ways for readers to show active engagement with the text is through marginal annotations which will give readers the ability to talk to the text and to create an internal dialogue with the text. Making those annotations can be more challenging in digital readers, like iPads and Kindles. This is the real advantage to print edition. Secondly, for many traditional readers, nothing can ever truly replace a real paper book. The smell of a book, the feel of a book, and the experience of a book will never be digitized and getting hold of the spine of a brand new book is an impressive pleasure that no technology can ever give. Thirdly, paper edition will spare the need to purchase expensive e-reading devices and no battery is needed. With a real book in hand, Internet environment and download is unnecessary. Choosing print copy of a book is opting for prolonged existence and tangibility.Despite this challenging growth of electronic books, I believe that print copies of books will not fade and despite the continuous increase of online popularity, they will remain to be playing a vital role in the way people experience books.A study finds that most college students cannot imagine life without smart phones. The following are opinions from different students. Read the article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:1. summarize briefly the opinions in the article;2. give your comment.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Chinese College students may be more attached to their smart phones than previously thought. In a recent Gallup poll, smart phone users were asked whether they could imagine life without their phones. From the 18- to 29-year-old category, 51% said t hey couldn’t. This is 5% higher than all the smart phone users surveyed as a whole.Lindsey Miller, a 20-year-old smart phone owner, says this statistic isn’t surprising. It’s easier for college students, she says, to feel this way because they haven’t had to go without their phones before and because they understand a smart phone's capabilities better than other age groups might.Miller also says she doesn’t think college students are alon e in feeling that they can’t live without their phones. “I go to yog a classes, and outside the studio there are cubbies where you can put your stuff,” Miller says. “There are still a good amount of people of all ages who chose to have their phones with them next to their mats. Literally the second that class ends, people check their phones before they even roll up their mats.” Miller says she doesn’t think using smart phones is the problem. Instead, she says, it’s frequency that people use them. “It seems that people would rather check Facebook than talk with people face to face,” Miller says. While the results of the Gallup poll may not come as a shock to most college students, including Miller, is being glued to a smart phone impacting users’ cognitive abilities? A University of Missouri study published in January found cell phones can greatly impact a person’s ability to focus on a task. It looked at iPhone users’ anxiety and abilities when they are unable to answer their iPhone while performing cognitive tasks. Researchers found that when the participants couldn’t answer their ringing phones while working on a word search, their “heart rate and blood pressure increased, self-reported feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness increased, and self-reportedextended self and cognition decreased.”While it doesn’t make him feel an xious, iPhone user Jordan Winn says not having his phone around does make him feel disconnected. “When I’ve got my phone, I can access any information in the world, whether it’s my schedule for work or school I need to check or something stupid on Urban Di ctionary,” Winn says. And he’s not alone. Although Miller admits to using her phone to check BuzzFeed and update Instagram more often than she should, she says college students can benefit from always having access to their smart phones. “There are many ap ps that are used for education, health and art,” Miller says. “For example, I use the Kindle app on my phone so I don’t have to carry a book around and an app that teaches you a second language.” And Winn agrees, saying that without his smart phone, everyt hing in his life would be “less organized and more difficult.”Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.。