2018 届高考考前外刊阅读精选10 篇目录1 Artificial Intelligence: Friend And Foe[M] (2)人工智能：亦敌亦友 (2)2 The digital proletariat[H] (5)数字无产阶级 (5)3 Why we ca n’t stop checking Facebook[M] (8)我们为何忍不住刷“脸书”？ (8)4 Jam tomorrow[H] (11)未来的拥堵 (11)5 Competition and tech: Taming the titans[H] (15)竞争与科技：驯服巨人 (15)6 Having Your Smartphone Nearby Takes a Toll on Your Thinking[M] (19)你的智能手机不利于你的思考 (19)7 The Third Education Revolution[M] (23)第三次教育革命 (23)8 Rules of the road[M] (27)道路规则 (27)9 Epic fail[M] (30)脸书劫数 (30)10 Can Reading Help My Brain Grow and Prevent Dementia? [M] (33)阅读有助于大脑发育，预防痴呆吗？ (33)1 Artificial Intelligence: Friend And Foe[M]人工智能：亦敌亦友来源: FORBES DEC. 26 20171 Artificial intelligence has a huge role to play on both sides of the cybersecurity equation. The industry faces a protracted and severe skill shortage. AI can perform both rote management tasks more quickly and efficiently, without getting bored or distracted. It can also learn new and better security practices from the evolving digital framework it inhabits. (1) In ou r world whe re conne cti vit yhas far ou tpac ed securit y, int ell igent a gents that ca n h eal and defend themse lves are invaluabl e all ies. Machine learning has already proven effective in sandbox environments at exploring potentialvulnerabilities and devising defenses.、2 But cybercriminals are developing their own AI, and are unlikely to do so ethically. In legitimate lab settings, AI can be carefully monitored and trained for years to be predictable and reliable.(2)Cybercriminals are less likely to avoid these potentially dangerous side effects, favoring speed over safet y. Malware rings resembling intelligent swarms of (一大群) angry bees are already starting toappear, weaponizing devices against their owners.3 It is the rise of the hive (数据仓库工具) . Today the term botnet refers to automated, zombie-like devices that are remotely programmed to target other vulnerable systems with malware (恶意软件) , or to infect them via blunt-force attacks, such as denial of service. Botnets are dangerous and account for billions of unauthorized network communications every quarter. The hivenet, however, is much more frightening because each unit of the hivenet, a swarmbot, will itself be powered by AI.(3)Swarmbots will be able to make autonomous decisions without relying on a botnet herder and join togethe r int o larger autonom ous thi nking networks. The potential for hivenet damage is substantiallygreater than anything we have faced from already-potent botnets.4 (4)That’s why one of the most serious threats we face in 2018 and beyond is malware with the capa cit y to learn and gro w throu gh it s own su cces ses . Polymorphic (多态的) malware with pre-coded algorithms (算法) designed to subvert (破坏) countermeasures and screens is already a reality. Butthat approach simply generates millions of slight variations on the same theme. Nextgen Al- generated malware will be aware and capable of adapting itself.5 (5)Instead of sim pl y f oll owing a set of pre -p rogramm ed inst ructi ons, it will select targets ofopportuni t y, assess th eir weakness es, dev elo p a plan of att ack and cover it s tracks. And it will make intelligent decisions about what information to exfiltrate, and when. (6) In shatt acker will behave with the autonom y an d inven ti veness of a hi ghl y skil l ed and mot ivated humanatt acker, but at fri ghtenin gl y hi gh er speeds. Hostile AI will be extremely dedicated to exploration, finding weaknesses at every possible crease (折痕) in the network perimeter (周边) .(7)Without anyneed for op erator in terv en tion , it will be able to full y map ta rgets, desi gn and d ep loy ex ploi ts, an deven coll ect ( and spend ) ran soms . These are not fever dreams. These are the clear and demonstrable goals of the cybercriminal branch of artificial intelligence research. Unsupervised, unfettered AI poses a massive threat to data security and infrastructure integrity.6 We are at a very delicate moment in our transformation to a digital society and economy. Humans and machines must work together to prepare for the next level of sophistication.第一部分、课文小助手一、生词和词块释义foe /fəʊ/ n. 敌人；反对者equation /ɪ'kweɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 方程式，等式protracted /prə'træktɪd/ adj. 拖延的rote /rəʊt/ n.生搬硬套inhabit /ɪn'hæbɪt/ vt.&vi. 栖息；占据outpace /aʊt'peɪs/ vt. 赶过；超过…速度heal /h iːl/ vt.&vi 治愈；和解allies /ˈæ,laɪz/ n. 盟友vulnerability /vʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/ n. 弱点devise /dɪ'vaɪz/ vt. 设计；想出ethically /'eθikli/ adv. 伦理上legitimate /lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət/ adj. 合法的infect /ɪn'fekt/ vt. 感染，传染substantially /səb'stænʃ(ə)lɪ/ adv. 实质上；大体上potent /'pəʊt(ə)nt/ adj. 有效的；强有力的generate /'dʒenəreɪt/ vt. 使形成；发生exfiltrate /'eksfɪltreɪt/ vi. 漏出hostile /'hɒstaɪl/ adj. 敌对的，怀敌意的intervention /ɪntə'venʃ(ə)n/ n. 介入；调停deploy /dɪ'plɒɪ/ vt.&vi. 配置；展开ransom /'ræns(ə)m/ n. 赎金demonstrable /dɪ'mɒnstrəb(ə)l/ adj. 显而易见的integrity /ɪn'tegrɪtɪ/ n. 完整；正直sophistication /sə,fɪstɪ'keɪʃn/ n. 复杂be unlikely to 不大可能account for 导致；解释be capable of 能够in short 总之；简言之be dedicated to 从事于；献身于pose a threat to 构成威胁大意：具有自我学习能力高效完成任务的人工智能给人类带来了福音，但另一方面，无人监督，不收约束的人工智能，如僵尸网络，恶意软件等，对数据安全和基础设施的完整性也构成了巨大威胁。