英语词类和句子成分
一、概述
• 高等学校英语应用能力考试A级第二部分语法 结构在第二节有填词题,其比例为25%~30%。测 试范围限于基本要求中的词汇表,测试考生运用 词法和词性(词形变化)的能力。词形变化主要 是指动词、名词、形容词和副词和四大类实词之 间的变化。 • 题干会给出词的原形或根,要求考生根据句子 的含义及构词方法填入正确的词形。所以考生必 须掌握一些基本的词性知识和构词法知识。
英语句子成分
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books A B C in the reading-room. D ② He asks her to take the boy out of school. A B C D • ③ She find it difficult to do the work. A B C D • ④ They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D
英语句子成分
• • • • 系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain) 表改变(get, become, turn) 感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look (看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))
• It sounds interesting. (sound为系动词,interesting为表语) • We should all remain careful. ( remain为系动词, careful为表语)
各类词在句子中的作用: 其在句子中充当的成分
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 同位语
名 词 * 动 词 形容词 副 词
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英语句子成分
(一)主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。 它在句首。
英语句子成分
三、宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任, 一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill. (宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him. (代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短 语作宾语)
英语句子成分 • (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 • ① The old man is feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ④ Soon They all become interested in the subject. A B C D ⑤ She is the first to learn about it. A B C D
英语句子成分
说明2: • 短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如: • The food in our school is very delicious. (in the school 是介词短语作the food的后置定语。) The road to home is never too long. Do you know the key of success ?
英语句子成分
说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物 动词之后。 2.介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。 • I am interested in music.
3名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。
4另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语; • I want to go home now. 5 动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 • She has finished reading the book. • We know that the road to home is n 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的. • 形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或 相当于形容词的词或短语等。 • 单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 The black bike is mine. (形容词) What’s your name? (代词) They make paper flowers.(名词)
英语句子成分
• 说明1: • 当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。 如: • I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定 语) • He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)
英语词类和句子成分
请根据每组规律补充新词
1.book shoes cat mother hometown advice….. 2. Nice beautiful strong confident excited….. 3. Look feel cry manage try encourage…. 4. Soon ago now early finally …. 5. Slowly well easily really 6.Above ahead below…. 7.Very much so …. 8. Always sometimes frequently…..
英语句子成分
(四)宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾 语补足语。 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用 作宾语补足语。 宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 They make her happy. (形容词) I saw her dance that day. (不定式 We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词) Please let him in. (副词) We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)
(七)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。 一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意. 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。 状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. (副词) We often help him. (副词) Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词 短语) When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状 语) He sat there.(副词地点状语) Don’t stand by the window. I usually have a walk with my dog in the park after dinner.
英语句子成分
说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物, 间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 • 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如: give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。 如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. • 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语 之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。
英语句子成分
• 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等 • 间接宾语加“for”的有: make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等 (1)I give him a book. 改成: (2)He passes me the book. 改成: (3)He writes me a letter. 改成: (4)He will buy me some books. 改成: (5)She is making me a cake. 改成:
英语句子成分
(二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。 谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词共作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
英语句子成分
• 练习: • (一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 • ① My brother doesn‘t do his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D • ④ How many new words do you learn ? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming • A B , how about you? C D