朗读技巧(一)辅音连缀(二)失去爆破和不完全爆破(三)连读(四)强读和弱读(//音的重要)(五)重音(单词重音和句子重音)(六)语调(一)辅音连缀1.两个或者两个以上的辅音连在一起,这种现象叫做辅音连缀,如desk/desk/中的/-sk/是两个辅音连在一起的,spring/spriŋ/中的/spr-/是三个辅音连在一起的。
这就是辅音连缀。
2.读辅音连缀时,第一个音(或第一、第二个音)要读得轻而短,很快过渡到第二个音(或第三个音)上去。
3.辅音连缀中的任何两个辅音间都不能加上元音。
比如,把/spr-/读成/spr/(在两个辅音之间加上//),是不对的。
(注意:汉语中没有辅音连缀,因此,这是我们学习中的难点,要多练习才能掌握它。
)练习失去爆破和不完全爆破要使说话、朗读既流利又轻松,除弱读形式外,学会失去爆破和不完全爆破以及连读也是非常重要的。
什么是失去爆破和不完全爆破呢?1.爆破音 + 爆破音(爆破音:/p, b, t, d, k, g/)当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时,前面的爆破音不发生爆破。
方法是:对于前一个爆破音,只作发音的姿势,刚要发出时,立即发出第二个爆破音。
这种现象叫做失去爆破。
例如/p, b, t, d, k, g/这样的组合出现时,前面的爆破音就需要失去爆破了。
例如:what time /wt taim/ goodbye /gud bai/ bedtime /bed taim/ big kite /big kait/2.爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音(摩擦音:/f, v, θ, ð, s, z, , , r, h/)(破擦音:/ts, dz, tr, dr, , /)当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时,前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。
方法是:对于前一个爆破音,作好发音的姿势,刚发出时,立即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。
第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的,有时甚至听不出来。
这种现象叫做不完全爆破。
例如/t, t, d, d, p, p, g, g/等。
这样的组合出现时,前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。
例如:picture /pik/ big jug /big g/good child /gud aild/ that joke /ðæt u k/3.爆破音 + 鼻辅音或舌边音(鼻辅音:/m, n, ŋ/)(舌边音:/l, =/)当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个鼻辅音或舌边音时,前面的爆破音也产生不完全爆破现象。
例如:good morning /gud m:niŋ/ big nation /big nein/ mad man /mæd mæn/ correct note /krekt n u t/ 从以上举例中可以看出,失去爆破和不完全爆破现象可以出现在同一单词中,如 notebook /n u tbuk/,也可以出现在两个单词之间,如 good morning /gud m:niŋ/。
在作语音分析时,我们往往在失去爆破和不完全爆破音的下面画上一小道线,例如 a big man, a good child, take care of your sister 等。
练习1.朗读下列短语,注意失去爆破和不完全爆破:第一组:white chalk great change loud cheersa good try a good child a bit drya second choice a black jacket a good joba big tree a hard journey a fast traina sweet dream a cold drink第二组:good morning attend meetings not minehelp me don't know at noonnot now odd numbers good nightquite near a loud noise an important mattera different meaning good news urgent needsa good memory第三组:active blackboard post-cardSeptember hard times quitedifferentwet ground hot bed take carenext door第四组:old friends step forward bright futurefirst visit just think take three bright thought just then ask themred stars first step keep silent folk songs a big zoo book shelves don't shout make sure that chair 2.先将下列短文中的弱读、失去爆破和不完全爆破划出,然后练习朗读:Ladies and Gentlemen, I have some good news and some bad news. First, the good news. The dive that you just watched in Olympic Diving event was the winning dive. Now, the bad news. The swimming pool was empty.Answer:连读要使说话流利,除了学会弱读和失去爆破以外,还有一个重要的朗读技巧就是连读。
把第一个词词尾的音和第二个词词首的音连起来读,这种现象叫做连读。
连读用╰╯来表示。
例如:以下几种情况要连读:1.如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个以元音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来读。
例如:2.如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个也以元音开头,这两个音中间有时可以连起来读(连音之间有一个很短的过渡音/w/或/j/)。
3.如果前一个词以元音/ a:/ // /:/ /:/ // / i/ /ε/ / u/结尾,后一个以元音开头,朗读的时候可以在两个音中间加上一个/r/音,这种现象叫做/r/连读。
这类连读只有部分人使用。
如果感到较难,可以不使用。
例如:练习1.朗读下列短语,注意连读:a block of flats the corner of the streeta tin of peas the top of the mountain a piece of cake in a foreign country a glass of water an instant successa cup of tea such a short timenice clear air send it by mailan English girl wait a momenta nice idea a lot of noisea visit to India once in a whilean apology a waste of time made up of not in the leastin America war and peaceout of date out of Africawait and see Death on the Nile have a rest Alice in Wonderland time's up The Wizard of Oza mother of three Cat on a Hot Tin Roof2.对下列短文作语音分析,首先标出重音、连读和失去爆破或不完全爆破的音节,然后反复练习朗读:When an American today says "my family is coming to visit," he or she is using family to include cousins, uncles, grandparents, or any other relatives who do not live with him or her. That is, this person is using family the way it was used 150 years ago when the majority of Americans were farmers. In that earlier time, of course, three or more generations lived under one roof — grandparents, their children, their children's spouses, and their children's children.Yet family is a very vague word. It can mean, for example, the speaker's parents, who do not live with him or her. On the other hand, it can mean uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews, first and second cousins, or even in-laws. As a result, the expression immediate family has come into use. It meanssomething between the narrowest use of family and the broadest one: usually the grandparents, their children and their children's children.Answer:强读和弱读强读和弱读是英语中独特的,具有鲜明色彩的特点之一。
英语约有50个最常用的单音节词,如 a, of, from, as, and 等,它们每个词都有两种不同形式的读音。
一种形式叫强读,另一种形式叫弱读。
例如,from 的强读形式是/frm/,弱读形式是/frm/,as 的强读形式/æz/,弱读形式是/z/。
当读单词时,或者在连贯语句中重读时用强读形式。
弱读形式只用于非重读的情况下。
关于弱读,以下有四点是特别要提到的:1.具有强读和弱读两种形式的单词出现在非重读音节中的次数要比在重读音节中出现的次数多得多。