助动词和情态动词
情态动词可以分为以下四类:
• 只做情态动词:must, can, could, might, ought to • 可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need • 可做情态动词和助动词:shall, should, will,
would • 勉强可做情态动词的:have to, used to, would
e.g. I have seen the film. 构成现在完成时态
He has been killed.
构成被动语态
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be better 虚拟语气 now.
情态动词
“情态”, 指表示人的情感和态度
情态动词指的是表示能力、义务、必须、推测 等说话人的语气,没有人称和数的变化。
e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The milk went bad. Do some exercises!
助动词
• 助动词本身没有词义,不可单独用作谓语,只 协助主要动词一起表示时态、语态、疑问、否 定、强调等。
• 常用的助动词有:be, have, do
那么be作为系动词和助动词的区别是?
作为系动词时,后面跟的动词多为感官动词,表示个人感受,用来 表状态;而作为助动词Be,通常和实义动词一起使用。
e.g. I am tall/ I am in Class one. I was reading an old book.
助动词——Be
1. Be后面跟动词的现在分词,构成进行时态。 e.g. He is cleaning the classroom.(实义动词)
2. Be后面跟动词的过去分词,构成被动语态。 e.g. These tools are made in China.
3. Be后面跟不定式,a) 表示未来的计划和安排。 e.g. There are to leave for shanghai tomorrow.
表示“将要去做”还有哪些表达法呢?
Be going to do; be about to do; be to do b) 表示意图,打算,目的。 e.g. Your job is to take care of the baby.
brother. The letter we were expecting never did arrive.
助动词——have
• 助动词have与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语 态、语气。
实义动词have是指拥有,拿的意思。
e.g. I have a book.
但是助动词在句中是没有任何意义的。那么 它的作用是?
• 表示请示,建议,would更客气委婉 e.g. Would you please bring me the book?
Need/Must/ Have to
• Need表示需要,必要,常用于否定句/疑问句 等 e.g. You needn’t ask me the question.
• Must表示必须(说话人主观看法),应该或者 很有把握的推测,只用于肯定句 e.g. You must come to school on time. It must be our teacher.
• e.g. I am a student. The we动词。
(一)状态连系动词
• 表明主语的性质、状态、身份的系动词: be appear continue feel keep lie look remain seem smell sit stay stand sound taste
更客气委婉
Shall/ Should
Shall: 用于第一,三人称的疑问句时,表征求对 方意见的 意思。e.g. Shall I write it down? 用于第二,三人称的陈述句中,表命令、 警告、威胁等。e.g. All the dishes shall be cleaned at once.
• Have to 表示必须,不得不(客观需要) e.g. I have to go now.
rather, had better
Can/ Could
• 表示能力或客观可能性 e.g. I can do it. / I can fly.
Anyone can make mistakes.
• 表示请求或允许 e.g. Can I leave now?
Could you lend me some money?
助动词——do
• 助动词do可以构成疑问句、否定句以及祈使句。 e.g. Did everything come off all right? I don’t think he will come.(否定前置)
•助动词do可以用于替代和强调。 e.g. I don’t like sports and neither does my
系动词、助动词和情态动词
动词的分类
• 动词是历年高考题的考察热点,尤其是词义辨析和动词短语 的固定搭配。
• 动词分为四类: 实义动词(动词时态,动词语态与非谓语动词) 系动词 助动词 情态动词
系动词
• 系动词,也称为连系动词,连接主语和表示主 语身份、性质、状态的动词。其后一般跟名词、 形容词等作表语。
Should: 表示劝告和建议,作“应该”。 e.g. We should be strict with ourselves.
表示推测。
e.g. They should be back now.
Will/ Would
• 表示主观意志,will只现在,而would指过去 e.g. I will never do that again.
e.g. This bread tastes good. I’m feeling very sorry for you.
(二)转变或结果连系动词
• 这类连系动词就比较特殊一点,主要表示主语 性质或状态的变化。 become变得 come成为 fall变为 get变得 grow长得 go变得 turn变得 prove证明