英语音标表（48个）元音（20个）蓝色（Original Version Of IPA）长元音/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ə:/i:/ /U:/ 短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ɔ/ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ u/e//æ//eI/ eɪ/aI/ aɪ /ɔI/ ɔɪ双元音/ɪə/ /eə/εə/ʊə/uə/əʊ/əu/aʊ/au辅音（28个）轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ// r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/鼻音/m/ /n/ /ŋ/半元音 / j/ /w/边音/ ǀ/英语音标及字母组合对照bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black glad flag mantour poor sure辅音：1.爆破音音标对比：/k//g// t//d//p//b/发音字母：c/k/ck g t d p bkeep get tea deed put book kid gain team deep pen bed cake beg neat need pet betpick pig bet bed pullball2.摩擦音音标对比：/f//v//θ//ð/发音字母：f/ph v th th life live thick this five vote theme thanphysics visit teeth they 音标对比：/s//z//ʃ//ʒ/发音字母：s/c s/z sh/ch/ci/ti/si si/s sink zip action treasurepass zoo machine measureadvice his finish revisionAsia、ancient3.破擦音音标对比: /tr//dr//ts//dz//tʃ//dr/发音字母：tr dr ts ds ch j/ge/ tree dream bets beds chess job try dry seats seeds childrenenergytreat draw nets needs match 4)鼻音音标对比：/m/ /n/ /ŋ/发音字母：m n ng nSome noon singCome nose songMap note kingMoon nothing thank5)其他音标：/h/ /r/ /j/ /w/ /ǀ/发音字母：h/wh r/wr y w/wh LHot race year wait letHouse red yes wide leapHorse right yard what dealWhole wrong young while saleWho write yet when beltWhse【注意】wh 在元音字母O前才发/h/语音知识:1) 字母：语言的书写形式。
元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2) 音素：音的最小的单位。
英语中有48音素。
即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。
英语中有20元音。
4) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。
英语中有28辅音。
5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。
6) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。
7) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it。
8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
读音规则1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。
2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana，student，today，after，[i] orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。
特殊读音1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。
not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。
2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。
good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。
3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。
Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last year，this year。
重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。
letter，sorry。
b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。
a'bout，be'lieve，ad'dress，de'cide，re'port，con'demn，res'pect，'pare，in'form，dis'cuss，im'press，mis'take，en'force，pre'pare，em'ploy，per'mit，es'cape，pro'duce，ex'claim，trans'latec)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。
'record，re'cord; 'insult，in'sult; 'conduct，con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content，con'tent。
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。
'out'side，'re'tell，'well-'known，'un'real，'fif'teen，'Chi'nese，'pre-'war，'post-'war。
B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。
'difficult，'communist，'family，e'conomy，oppor'tunity，de'mocracy。
b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音'carefully，in'definite，'comfortable，con'ductor，ac'cording，dis'turbance，'complicated，es'tablishment。
c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour'teous，cal'ligraphy，edi'torial，his'torian，peri'odic，mathe'matics，ex'perience，suf'ficient，i'dentify，trans'lation，re'ligious，curi'osity，pro'tective。
d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。
enter'tain，emplo'yee，mountai'neer，Japa'nese，ciga'rette。
一些特殊规则：●S后的清辅音/ k//p// t/要浊化为/g//b//d/音。
如：sky skill stop student space sport●字母组合tion有两种发音/tʃn /, /ʃən /如: /tʃn / question /ʃən /situation nation invitation●有些单词中某些字母不发音如：hour climb Christmas know listen●一般情况开音节发本音（如辅＋元＋辅＋e 的结构）a [eɪ] cake ,face , table ,gra de,… h ave[æ]除外e [i:] these , he, she, be, we…I [aɪ] mi ne , ride , time, … g ive ,live[ɪ] 除外o [əʊ] nose ,those ,hope ,… (另外，‘o’后是m, n, v, th，发[ʌ] 如：love, some ,come，glove，brother，mother ; whose,whom[u:]除外。
) U [ju:] cute ,use闭音节一般不发本音（如辅＋元＋辅的结构）a [æ] cat ,bla ck ,glad,…e [e] bed , left , help , …I [ɪ] big ,milk ,think ,…o /ɒ/ɔhot , stop , clock,…u [ʌ] bus , sun ,but ,… put , pull[ʊ]除外●仅一种发音的字母组合：ai, ay [eɪ] rain ，playal [ɔ:] all , walk talk half [ɑ:]除外oa [əʊ] coat ,boatch [tʃ] chair , China school [k] 除外ck [k] duck , clocksh [ʃ] shirt , shoes 还有sure [ʃ]●a前是辅音[w] 时，a发/ɒ/ɔ,如：want ,what, watch ,wallet, washa后是字母ss , s, f , n时，一般发[ɑ:]，如grass，class，ask，after,…i后是ld, nd结尾时, i 发[aɪ]，如：find ,kind , child ,behind ,…一些常用字母组合的发音：ar [ɑ:] farm far farther park[ɔ:] quarter warmair [eə] chair hair hairdryer pair airportear [ɪə]dear year ear earphone near hear[eə] bear pear[ɜ:] learn earlyere [ɪə] here[eə] where there[ɜ:] wereea [eɪ] great[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread headache heavy[i:] speak peach beach each please read reading-room teacher teach eat seat tea teapot meat ice- cream Easter mean[ɪə] really idea theatreee [i:] see eighteen three green sweet tree Halloween need street sweep weekender [ɜ:] her hers term[ə] brother daughter father mother sister teacher number tiger after floweror [ə] doctor visitor mirror calculator[ɜ:] work worker word world[ɔ:] for forty morning short sport fork horse New York order more beforeir /ur[ɜ:] bird girl birthday shirt skirt third circle thirsty thirty sir firstturn purse nurse hamburger surf Thursday hurtigh [aɪ] night bright right light fight high height[eɪ] eight weightoo [ʊ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book bookcase storybook[u:] food school too zoo cool room broom noodle tooth toothache afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoonou [ʌ] country countryside touch young cousin[aʊ] cloudy shout about house housework blouse ground mountain sound trousers mouth mouse around loudly out[əʊ] shoulder[ʊ] should wouldow [aʊ]how down town brown flower now cow[əʊ]row know yellow bowl window follow Halloween tomorrow show glow grow blow slow low snow snowy snowballth [θ]mouth think thin thank theatre bathroom three third thirteen thirty thirsty anything something[ð] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there thanEd [d] listened played answered … （元音、浊辅音结尾）[t]jumped helped liked milked cooked picked washed watched danced stopped（清）[ɪd]tasted collected visited wanted planted started (t ,d结尾的单词)。