2010-7-9/山东大学/医学院/2008级临七/生理学名解：机械门控通道静息电位生理性止血心指数肺顺应性粘液-碳酸氢根屏障sweating滤过分数photopic visionelectroencephalographic arousal论述：1、影响突触传递的因素2、交感神经对心肌的影响和the underlying mecha（愣是不懂嘛意思）简答：1、横桥周期2、影响basic respirotary center的pathway 或reflex2009-7-1/山东大学/口七07级临七07级/生理学名解：1.secondary active transport 2.saltatory conduction 3.ESR 4.EF 5.GFR 6.Mucus--HCO3- barrier 10.long-loop feedback 7. Visual accommodation 8.PO/AH area 9.pain receptor大题：1.横桥周期 2.心迷走神经的作用和机制 3.3种重吸收碳酸氢根的地方（肾）。

哪种能产生新的碳酸氢根，哪种能分泌氢离子……2009-05-12/山东大学/医学院/2007级/临床医学七年制/生理期中名解feed-forward controlcardiac indexerythrocyte sedimentation ratecross bridge cyclinggastric emptying大题神经肌接头机制人起立后血压下降，但很快会恢复正常，原因/2009-01-16/山东大学/医学院/2007级/五年制/生理名解：内环境，respiratory capicity ,AO/PH,激素，…………大题：1.神经肌接头产生机制2.E和NE的区别（对心血管系统）3.特异性与非特异性感觉传导通路pathway and function2008-05-11/山东大学/医学院/2006级/临七/生理期中考试90分钟，5个名解20分40个单选40分3个大题（15.15.10）名解reseting，心指数，细胞沉降率，大题有横桥周期。

e和ne的区别，co2的压强升高导致呼吸变化的机制建议作分章的英文选择，考得都是重点，不过也有要求熟悉的内容2008-06-23/山东大学/医学院/2006级/七年制/生理[名词解释]射血分数轴浆运输电压钳sweaing accommodation by the lens；hematocrit；enterogastric reflex；水孔蛋白-2[问答题]两个cardiac vagus功能和机制出汗多了尿量变化和机制肺弹性回缩力Elastic recoil of lungs：The ability of lungs to tolerate expands in volume and tends to collapse at each instant of respiration.弹性阻力Elastic resistance： A term used to describe the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall; the resistance or elastance (V/P),the reciprocal △△of the compliance.补呼气量Expiratory reserve volume：The volume expelled byan active expiratory effort after passive expiration. The maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration; it normally amounts to about 1100ml.外呼吸External respiration：The exchange of gases between blood and the external environment, which involves not only diffusion across the lung capillaries but also the bulk movement of gases in and out of the lungs.用力呼气量Forced expiration volume：The fraction of the forced vital capacity (FVC) expired during the first second of a forced expiration.功能余气量Functional residual capacity：It equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml).功能性短路Functional shutting：Whenever the ventilation perfusion ratio is below normal, there is not ventilation enough to provide the oxygen needed to oxygenate fully the blood flowing through the alveolar capillaries. Therefore, a certain fraction of the venous blood passing through the pulmonary capillaries does not become oxygenated. This phenomenon is called functional shutting.何尔登效应Haldane effect：The increase in carbon dioxide unloading from hemoglobin in response to the combination of oxygen with hemoglobin, i.e., when oxygen binds with hemoglobin, carbon dioxide is released easily.黑－伯反射Hering-Breuer reflex：The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex is an increase in the duration of expiration produced by steady lung inflation, and the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex is a decrease in the duration of expiration produced by marked deflation of a lung.吸气中枢Inspiratory center： A group of neurons, located in the medulla oblongata, which sets the basic rhythm of breathing by automatically initiating inspiration; also known as the dorsal respiratory group.补吸气量Inspiratory reserve volume：The air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort in excess of the volume. i.e., the maximum extra volume of air that be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume, it is usually equal to about 3000ml. 内呼吸Internal respiration：The exchange of gases between the tissue cells and the systemic capillaries. The diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the cytoplasm.胸内压Intrapleural pressure ：The pressure within the pleural cavity is called intrapleural pressure.It is always lower than the atmoaphere pressure in physiological condition.肺内压Intrapulmonary pressure：The pressure within the alveoli of the lungs, also called intraalveolar pressure. specific dynamic action of proteinmicrophonic potencialfunctional residual capacitysensory colloumaction potentialbasic electrolic mechanismcentral vein pressureosmotic diuresishaemostasisPositive feedbackGFRRespiration membraneNonspecific projection systemInward retificationHemostasisSymportPhotopic V isionBEWHepothalumus regulation peptide大题四个1.Threshold ,threshold stimulus ,stimulus potential 的各个定义以及联系2.描述心动周期中心室的volume，pressure，以及动脉pressure的变化3.描述胃的头期分泌的特点。