• John drove too slowly. 约翰开车太慢。
介词短语作状语
• Let ’s go home. • The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼
居水底 • I have lived here for three years. 我住这
已经3年了。
分词（短语）作状语
writing a composition.
while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：
He is tall while his brother is short. 当when, as, while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的
动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：
While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.
( 方式 )
状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补， 目比结果方让步， 连词引导各不同； 主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后， 从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。
时间状语从句 原因状语从句 地点状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
引导词可分为两部分
• 与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它 可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：
• Immediately he replied. （句首） • He immediately replied. （句中） • He replied immediately. （句尾）
副词（短语）作状语
• She is always losing her keys. 她总是丢 钥匙。
• She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无 所事事。（doing的逻辑主语是she，它们 之间是主动的关系）
• Given better attention, the trees can grow well. 如果得到更好的管理，这些树可以长 得很好。（given的逻辑主语是the trees， 它们之间是被动的关系）
（2）如果when和before引导的从 句位于主句之后，有时不能译成 “当…时候” 和“在…之前”，而 要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。 如：
The struggle lasted four years
before the North won in the end.
He almost knocked me down before he saw me. I was walking in the street when I saw him.
1、时间状语从句：
引导时间状语从句的从属连词 有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once…等引导。如：
When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( 地点 ) 3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our
meeting. （原因 ） 4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. (目的) 5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work
Each time he came, he would call on me.
You must show him in immediately he comes.
I recognized him the moment I s－Did you remember to give Mary the
It has been 15 years since he left. I’ll tell him the news as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it. I waited till he had finished his work.
called. 2．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time,
next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already
【特别提醒】
• 现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动 作正在进行；过去分词表示被动的 意思，表示动作的完成。
动词不定式（短语）作状语
• She was slow to make up her mind. 她迟 迟不能下决心。
• To be honest, I didn’t enjoy the party. 说 实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。
为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分 词前加when, while, if等连词。例如：
• When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. 当离开机场的时候，她向我们频 频招手。
• While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.在等火车的时候，我与珍妮进行了 长谈。
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
3. ___C___ entered the office when he realized that
he had forgotten his report.
when as while before after until (till) since as soon as
every time next time the first/…last time the moment the minute instantly immediately directly (一…就…)
When the lesson was over, we
began our writing. （从句动作在前）
as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从 句的动作同时发生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.
He sang as he walked.
While：指的是“在某一时间里”， “在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是 持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作 的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动 作的对比。
如： While he was in London, he studied
music. While we were watching TV, he was
dead.
Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必
须用部分倒装结构。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
(4) till和until ①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，
注意： （1）when, as, while
when即可引导持续性动作，又可 引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的 动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句 的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：
When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）
out all the difficult problems. ( 结果 ) 6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. (条件) 7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( 让步 ) 8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
• We live to serve the people heart and soul. 我们活着是为了全心全意为人民 服务。
副词性从句---状语从句
•状语从句的种类 •对比训练与巩固
状语从句的分类
1. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( 时间 )
• The holidays being over, they began to get down to do their work again. 假期结 束了，他们又开始认真地工作。
• So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 这么多人缺席，我 们决定把会议延期。
money you owed her? －Yes. I gave it to her ____B__ I saw her.
A. while
B. the moment
C. suddenly
D. once
2. I thought her nice and honest ______C I
met her.