Requirements
Class attendance Previewing Active Participation in the Class Assignments Reviewing before the exam
Rhetoric 修辞学
Introduction
The Classical Rhetoric
Division of Rhetoric
Communicative Rhetoric 交际修辞 (Negative Rhetoric 消极修辞) -- To add to people’s knowledge; accurate, plain; Aesthetic Rhetoric 美学修辞 (Positive Rhetoric 积极修辞) -- To get people affected, or moved; vivid, brilliant, colorful.
The three uses of similes:
Descriptive描述型明喻; Illuminative启示型明喻 ; Illustrative说明型明喻;
;
Descriptive 描述型
Her lips were red, her locks were yellow as gold. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who’s lost his piece of candy. The big black flies hit us like bombs.
Its function is to give deeper insight
into persons or things.
The quality that similes must possess:
Freshness Originality The repeatedly used similes should be avoided: e.g. as cold as ice; as good as gold; as strong as an ox; as cunning as a fox;
Illuminative启发型
E.g.
What happened to a dream deferred (postponed)? Like a raisin (葡萄干) in the sun? Or fester (化脓) like a sore? Does it stink like a rotten meat?
10th Week: Chapter 12 (Climax and Anticlimax 层进与 突降) 11th Week: Chapter 13 and 14 (Hyperbole, Euphemism and Understatement 夸张，委婉语和低调 陈述) 12th Week: Chapter 15 and 16 (Pun and Antithesis 双 关语和对照) 13th Week: Chapter 17 (End Weight 重尾) 14th Week: Chapter 18 (Phonetic Rhetoric 语音修辞) 15th and 16th Week: Reviewing：①Communicative Rhetoric Aesthetic Rhetoric 交际修辞与美学修辞, ② figures of speech各种修辞手段
Illustrative说明型
E.g. What is tennis? Tennis is like a pingpong game scaled up to a sizable court. Its function is to explain abstract or complicated ideas or things unfamiliar to you in simple, concrete ideas, or things familiar to you.
tycoon
successful businessman detective prisoner
spy jailbird
Group 2: the Origin of the Word (词 词 源): “commence”; Group 3: Historical Origins (历史渊 历史渊 源) of a Word: “gringo”; “blackmail”;
Group 6: the Association with the Knowledge on Medicine, Science and Technology (科技常识中的联想 科技常识中的联想): 科技常识中的联想 “anemic”; “allergic”; “surgical”; -- These three words are also cases of metaphor．
Compare the following sentences: Jim looks like his brother Billy. My car runs as fast as the train. A real friend is like a mirror that can help you see any dirt on your face. Life was like a journey full of pitfalls. -- (The first two sentences are not cases of simile.) Simile is a comparison between two unlike things across domains (跨领 域).
英语修辞赏析
秦妍
Syllabus 教学纲要
1st, 2nd Week: Introduction: Chapter 1 (Introduction绪 论) 3rd Week: Chapter 3 (Choice of Diction用词精当) 4th Week: Chapter 6 (Simile and Metaphor:明喻和暗喻) 5th Week: Chapter 6 (Simile and Metaphor continued; Synecdoche and Personification 提喻和拟人) 6th Week: Chapter 7 (Metaphor 借代) 7th Week: Chapter 8 (Antonomasia 换称) 8th Week: Chapter 9 (Bifocal Visions 双重聚焦) 9th Week: Chapter 10 and 11 (Transferred Epithet and Rhetorical Repetition 移就和叠言)
＊Stylistics
语体文体修辞学
-- is focused on different types or styles of writing: e. g. News English, Oral English, Scientific English, personal style of a writer, or the style of a certain period, etc.
中性
government employee investor policeman spokesman union official
legal consultant lobbyist labor leader union boss
captain of industry investigator captive
Why Do We Learn Rhetoric?
To understand the author’s intention better. To find out the common ways people know the world and ways people express themselves. To appreciate the beauty, explicit or not, of the language. To learn how to achieve an effective communication.
＊Rhetoric
人文修辞学
-- deals with the choosing of the most appropriate words for a particular circumstance.
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What is Rhetoric?
It is more than those figures of speech (修辞格), such as simile (明 喻), metaphor (隐喻), metonymy (借 代), or personification (拟人). Rhetoric is wording.
Group 4: Polysemy (一词多义 一词多义): 一词多义 “arsenal”; “arrival”; “beam”; Group 5: Resorting to Image (借助 借助 意象): 意象 “bath”; “on knife’s edge”; “latch onto”; “finger”;
Chapter 3 Choice of Diction用词精当 The examples chosen: Group 1: the Connotation (内涵 of a 内涵) 内涵 Word: “Jess”, “The person” “caliber”; “persona”; “proportion”; “savvy”; “set”;
Connotation of words
Connotation is the association and the overtones about that word. “thick in body because of presence of superfluous flesh”: “stout”: suggesting robust health; “plump”: suggesting a pleasant fullness of figure; “fat”: suggesting the neutral, general uncomplimentary connotation; “obese”: implying un unhealthy excess of fat;