第7章完形填空◆科普科研类The first experiments 1 teaching chimps to communicate successfully with human beings began in 1966, 2 two American scientists, R. Allen Gardner and his wife Beatrice, started 3 a chimp called Washoe. Together with their assistants, the Gardeners always “spoke” to Washoe (and to each other when they were in her 4 ) in Asian-American sign language, used by the 5 in the United States. Asian uses 6 to represent words or phrases, 7 some other sign her sign languages in which movements of the hand or fingers represent 8 letters of the alphabet which slowly build up into words. 9 , Asian can be a rapid means of communication. The Gardeners found that Washoe not only understood Asian, 10 soon became adept 11 using it. More important, she was able to use it in a 12 way for example having learned the 13 for “open”, she could apply it in different situations. This was one of the first glimpses of the 14 ability of chimpanzees that they can 15 certain concepts in a general manner and then use them in 16 instances. Other researchers have taught chimpanzees to use compli cated “languages”,17 on colored shapes or computer keys. They 18 have discovered t hat there is nothing wrong with the chimpanzee’s19 apparatus. Just before Christmas 1974, it was reported from the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Centre, in Atlanta, Georgia, that Lana, a chimpanzee adept atusing a computer keyboard language called “Yerkish”, had started to ask20 the names of objects.1. [A] of [B] about[C] in[D] on2. [A] that [B] when [C] which[D] what3. [A] rearing [B] buying [C] selling [D] making4. [A] place[B] eyesight [C] mind [D] presence5. [A] deaf[B] blind[C] handicapped[D] limped6. [A] movements[B] language [C] gestures [D] knowledge7. [A] like[B] unlike [C] as[D] following8. [A] all [B] separate [C] individual[D] alone9. [A]Consequently[B] Furthermore[C] Moreover [D] Eventually10. [A] and[B] as [C] again [D] but11. [A] at[B] for [C] with[D] to12. [A] formal [B] informal [C] imaginable [D] creative13. [A] signal [B] symbol[C] signature[D] meaning14. [A] intellectual [B] practical [C] intellect [D] reasoning15. [A] guess [B] solve [C] possess [D] handle16. [A] particular [B] ordinary[C] especial[D] strange17. [A] based[B]located [C] set[D] obtained18. [A] all[B] but [C] too [D] again19. [A] mental[B] physical [C] logical[D] conceptual20. [A] for [a] in [C] to [D] with【答案解析】1.【答案】C【解析】惯用法题。

experiment in sth.进行…实验；experiment on sth.对…进行实验。

这里讲的是“对教授黑猩猩与人类进行成功交流进行试验”，应选C。

2.【答案】B【解析】语法题。

考察定语从句；很明显此处需要一个非限制性定语从句修饰1966，因此选when，相当于in which(1966)。

3.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。

rear培育；buy买；sell卖；make制作。

根据题意，应选A。

4.【答案】D【解析】惯用法题。

in sb.’s presence(在……面前，当着……的面)是固定搭配。

5.【答案】A【解析】逻辑关系题。

前面提到sign language（手语），所以是聋哑人使用的。

故选A。

6.【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。

movement 运动，运转；language 语言；gestur手势；knowledge知识。

根据前面的sign language（手语），故选C。

7.【答案】B【解析】逻辑关系题。

此句意为：Asian用手势代表单词或词组，而不是像其他一些手势语，用手或手指运动代表字母表中一个个的字母，再慢慢地拼成单词。

可见，这两种手势是不一样的，故选B。

8.【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。

all所有的；separate单独的，分开的；individual个别的，一个个的；alone独自的，单独的。

前句说的是“用手势表示单词和词组”，这里讲的是“用手和手指的变动来代表字母表的一个个字母”，所以应选C。

9.【答案】A【解析】逻辑关系题。

consequently因此，结果；furthermore进一步；moreover 而且，此外；eventually最终。

根据上面两种手势的比较得出结论，表明的是因果关系，所以应选A。

10.【答案】D【解析】惯用法题。

not only…but als o（不仅......而且……）是固定结构。

11.【答案】A【解析】惯用法题。

be adeptat/in（擅长）是固定搭配。

12.【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。

forma正式的；informal非正式的；imaginable可以想象的；creative创造性的；根据下面“她能在不同的场合灵活运用”，D最贴切。

13.【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。

signal信号；symbol符号，标志；signature签名；meaning 意义。

这里说的是学会了表示“open”的符号，而其他三词词义都不符合；应选B。

14.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。

intellectual智力的；practical实际的，实用的；intellect（名词）智力；reasoning推理的。

根据句子结构，此处应该为一个形容词，故排除C；上文所提的例子，说明猩猩是有智力的，因此选A。

15.【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。

guess猜测；solve解决；possess占有；handle处理。

16.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。

particular特别的；ordinary普通的，平常的；especial特殊的；strange奇怪的。

上半句讲到general manner，现在和它相对应，应该选particular。

17.【答案】A【解18.【答案】C【解析】逻辑关系题。

根据上下文，两组研究人员都发现了猩猩的理解能力。

因为有时间先后，所以后一组用too。

析】惯用法题。

based on（根据，基于）是固定搭配，其他都不合适。

19.【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。

mental智力的，脑力的；physical物理的，身体的；logical 逻辑的；conceptual概念上的。

通过上文“猩猩能理解语言手势以及基于彩色图形和键盘的复杂语言”，说明猩猩理解“概念”的能力是没有问题的；因此选D。

20.【答案】A【解析】惯用法题。

ask for（请求，要求）是固定搭配；其他都不合适。

In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3are not solely fixed by the genes.4, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is calledimprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10 ,even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But in examining a “dance” that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18。