☺This expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America.
The Trail of Tears
• The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many tribes, who did not wish to assimilate, from their homelands to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. The Native Americans who chose to stay and assimilate were allowed to become citizens in their states and of the U.S. • Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation and many died on the route to their destinations.
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The Louisiana Purchase
Stage 3 Stage 2 By 1850, pioneers had pushed the edge of settlement all the way to Texas, the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific Ocean.
Thousands of families chalked GTT (Gone to Texas) on their gates or on their wagons, and joined the trek westward.
The Trail of Tears
American Indians Today
2.5 million still live in the US. About 1/3 live on reservations or traditional lands. Most live in urban settings outside of traditional Indian culture.
Westward Expansion and the values associated with the frontier heritage（边疆传统）
L/O/G/O
Unit Goals
1.Motivations of people’s moving westward.
2.The trail of tears of the Indians.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Lewis and Clark led the first United States expedition (1804–1806) to the Pacific Coast. • The expedition was commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, consisting of a select group of U.S. Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. • The primary objective was to explore and map the newly acquired territory, find a practical route across the Western half of the continent, and establish an American presence in this territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it. • The campaign's secondary objectives were scientific and economic: to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and establish trade with local Indian tribes.
What is the enormous significance of the movement?
Great influence on the Native Americans of North America
☺ By expanding the nation’s borders included 3 million square miles ☺ The US became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Significance:
• a huge contribution to the mapping of the continent of North America
• getting a better understanding of the natural
•
In 1803 the US bought more than 2 million square km from France. The U.S. paid 50 million francs plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs , a total sum of 15 million dollars.（around 4 cents per acre） The transfer of land usually occurred with the use of force. However this one was obtained without any bloodshed. The land in the Louisiana Purchase constitutes 23% of today’s USA. It nearly doubled the size of the young nation, changing its borders from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
resources of the Northwest.
• This expedition laid a part of the groundwork for the westward expansion of the United States of America.
Texas annexed
• • ncompassed all or part of 15 present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.
The Louisiana Purchase
• The purchase of the territory of Louisiana took place during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, the purchase faced domestic opposition as some argued that it was unconstitutional, though opposition ultimately was not widespread. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain provisions for acquiring territory, but decided to go ahead with the purchase anyway—to remove France's presence in the region and protect both U.S. trade access to the port of New Orleans and free passage on the Mississippi River.
• The desire for good and cheap farmland would be the most powerful attractions for people moving west. • The second common motivation was the hope of practicing their religion without government intervention.
General knowledge about Westward Movement