阅读理解（六）1、Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV."More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only makete enagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids' sleeping habits.B.Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents' examples.D.They don't need to go to school early.2、Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control3、Love, success, happiness, family and freedom——how important are these values to you? Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life.Question: Could you introduce yourself first?Answer: My name is Misbah, 27 years old. I was born in a war-torn area. Right now I’m a web designer.Q: What are your great memories?A: My parents used to take us to hunt birds, climb trees, and play in the fields. For me it was like a holiday because we were going to have fun all day long. Those are my great memories.Q: Does your childhood mean a lot to you?A: Yes. As life was very hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. However, it taught me to deal with problems all alone. I learnt to be independent.Q: What changes would you like to make in your life?A: If I could change something in my life, I’d change it so that my childhood could have taken place in another area. I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. Who cares whether we have much money, or whether we have a beautiful house? It doesn’t matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe.Q: How do you get along with your parents?A: My parents supported me until I came of age. I want to give back what I’ve got. That’s our way. But I am working in another city. My only contact with my parents now is through the phone, but I hate using it. It filters(过滤) out your emotion and leaves your voice only. My deepest feelings should be passed through sight, hearing and touch.1.In Misbah’s childhood, _______.A.he was free from worryB.he liked living in the countrysideC.he often spent holidays with his familyD.he was fond of getting close to nature2.What did Misbah desire most in his childhood?A.A colorful life.B.A beautiful house.C.Peace and freedom.D.Money for his family.3.How would Misbah prefer to communicate with his parents?A.By chatting on the Internet.B.By calling them sometimes.C.By paying weekly visits.D.By writing them letters.4.If there were only one question left, what would it most probably be?A.What was your childhood dream?B.What is your biggest achievement?C.What is your parents' view of you?D.What was your hardest experience in the war?4、My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not runningfor two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was "not athletic".The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: "GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!"By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner".1.A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to runD.lost hope2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.3.How was the author’s first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.4.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.5、Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames .Some people called him Bagamo.They said his mouth looked like a large bag.Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music.Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians.Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth.Armstrong often said, “Jazz and I grew up together.” Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boy’s home.In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician.He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River.At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians.Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.In 1922 he went to Chicago.There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins.From then until the endof his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went.Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song.His cornet playing had a deep humanity (仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.” He was the father of the jazz style and alsoone of the best-known and most admired people in the world.His death, on July 6,1971, was headline news around the world.1.Armstrong was called Pops because he ______.A.looked like a musicianB.was a musician of much influenceC.showed an interest in musicD.traveled to play modern music2.The third paragraph is developed ______.A.by spaceB.by examplesC.by timeD.by comparison3.Which statement about Armstrong is true?A.His tale begins in New Orleans.B.He was born before jazz was invented.C.His music was popular with his listeners.D.He learned popular music at a boy’s home.4.Which would be the best title for the text?A.The Invention of the Jazz Music.B.The Father of the Jazz Style.C.The Making of a Musician.D.The Spread of Popular Music.6、Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.1.Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the beat TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.7、Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her marks. Without saying a word, she speaks to people with her kind eyes. Even when she walks away, she leaves an impression. Molly’s mark is a smile, stamped into the ground by the horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg.A few years ago, Molly was badly attac ked by a dog. The dog bit all four Molly’s legs and left large cuts on her face. Molly’s owner, Kate Harris, took her to an animal hospital. Doctors there were able to save Molly’s life, but soon one of her legs became very infected.At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep. But Molly changed their minds. This pony, doctors noticed, shifted her weight, and rested her good legs from time to time. Doctors knew that Molly had amazing intelligence, and that she wanted to live.Several doctors operated on Molly, and removed her infected leg. A false leg was made for her. The leg was a hollow cast with a pole at the bottom for balance. Doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of the leg. This horseshoe she had had a stamp of a smiling face in it!After the operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her! Now, with every step she takes, she stamps a smile in the dirt. But she leaves her mark in other ways, too.Kate Harris took Molly to the false leg center. There were children there who, like Molly, had artificial arms or legs. They were amazed to see a pony with a false leg. Molly made them smile and gave them hope. Soon, Molly began to visit schools, nursing homes, army bases and hospitals.A book was even written about Molly!1.Molly is the name of a _____.A.dogB.horseC.parentD.child2.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Molly can speak to people in kind words.B.Kate Harris took Molly to a children's hospital after the attack.C.In the beginning, doctors had planned to end Molly's life.D.Molly sometimes leaves smiling marks on people's faces.3.What is unique about Molly?A.Molly has a false leg with a horseshoe shaped like a smiling face.B.Molly ran a race and won the first prize.C.Molly often visits places such as schools and parks.D.Molly has become a symbol of hope for people of all ages.4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.A Book on MollyB.A False LegC.A Successful OperationD.Leaving Her Mark8、Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had read carefully, hoping to hide myself. "What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. lt seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷) a coin. Heads- the commander,and tails —the peanuts guy.Ah! Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly class, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear,“My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not fair, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!1.What did the author’s classmates think about his re port?A.Controversial.B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.2.Why was the author confused about the task?A.He was unfamiliar with American history.B.He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C.He forgot his teacher’s instructions.D.He was not familiar with the new school.3.The underlined word "burning" in Para.3 probably means ________.A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager4.In the end, the author turned things around __________.A.by redoing his taskB.through his own effortsC.with the help of his grandfatherD.under the guidance of his headmaster答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B解析：1.细节理解题。