交通灯控制电路设计与仿真一、实验目的1、了解交通灯的燃灭规律。

2、了解交通灯控制器的工作原理。

3、熟悉 VHDL 语言编程，了解实际设计中的优化方案。

二、实验原理交通灯的显示有很多方式，如十字路口、丁字路口等，而对于同一个路口又有很多不同的显示要求，比如十字路口，车辆如果只要东西和南北方向通行就很简单，而如果车子可以左右转弯的通行就比较复杂，本实验仅针对最简单的南北和东西直行的情况。

要完成本实验，首先必须了解交通路灯的燃灭规律。

本实验需要用到实验箱上交通灯模块中的发光二极管，即红、黄、绿各三个。

依人们的交通常规，“红灯停，绿灯行，黄灯提醒”。

其交通的燃灭规律为：初始态是两个路口的红灯全亮，之后，东西路口的绿灯亮，南北路口的红灯亮，东西方向通车，延时一段时间后，东西路口绿灯灭，黄灯开始闪烁。

闪烁若干次后，东西路口红灯亮，而同时南北路口的绿灯亮，南北方向开始通车，延时一段时间后，南北路口的绿灯灭，黄灯开始闪烁。

闪烁若干次后，再切换到东西路口方向，重复上述过程。

在实验中使用 8 个七段码管中的任意两个数码管显示时间。

东西路和南北路的通车时间均设定为 20s。

数码管的时间总是显示为 19、18、17……2、1、0、19、18……。

在显示时间小于 3 秒的时候，通车方向的黄灯闪烁。

三、实验内容本实验要完成任务就是设计一个简单的交通灯控制器，交通灯显示用实验箱的交通灯模块和七段码管中的任意两个来显示。

系统时钟选择时钟模块的 1KHz时钟，黄灯闪烁时钟要求为 2Hz，七段码管的时间显示为 1Hz脉冲，即每 1s 中递减一次，在显示时间小于 3 秒的时候，通车方向的黄灯以 2Hz 的频率闪烁。

系统中用 S1 按键进行复位。

实验箱中用到的数字时钟模块、按键开关、数码管与 FPGA 的接口电路，以及数字时钟源、按键开关、数码管与 FPGA 的管脚连接在以前的实验中都做了详细说明，这里不在赘述。

交通灯模块原理与 LED 灯模块的电路原理一致，当有高电平输入时 LED 灯就会被点亮，反之不亮。

只是 LED 发出的光有颜色之分。

其与 FPGA 的管脚连接如下表 19-1 所示：四、实验步骤1、打开 QUARTUSII 软件，新建一个工程。

2、建完工程之后，再新建一个 VHDL File，打开 VHDL 编辑器对话框。

3、按照实验原理和自己的想法，在 VHDL 编辑窗口编写 VHDL 程序，用户可参照光盘中提供的示例程序。

4、编写完 VHDL 程序后，保存起来。

（1）-jtdkz.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;entity jtdkz isport(clk,sm,sb:in std_logic;mr,my0,mg0,br,by0,bg0:out std_logic);end entity jtdkz;architecture art of jtdkz istype state_type is(A,B,C,D);signal state:state_type;begincnt:process(clk) isvariable s:integer range 0 to 45;variable clr,en:bit;beginif(clk'event and clk='1')thenif clr='0'then s:=0;elsif en='0' then s:=s;else s:=s+1;end if;case state iswhen A=>mr<='0';my0<='0';mg0<='1';br<='1';by0<='0';bg0<='0';if(sb and sm)='1' thenif s=45 then state<= B;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=A;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;elsif(sb and(not sm))='1'then state<=B;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=A;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;when B=>mr<='0';my0<='1';mg0<='0';br<='1';by0<='0';bg0<='0';if s=5 then state<=C;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=B;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;when C=>mr<='1';my0<='0';mg0<='0';br<='0';by0<='0';bg0<='1';if(sb and sm)='1' thenif s=25 then state<= D;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=C;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;elsif sb='0' then state<=D;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=C;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;when D=>mr<='1';my0<='0';mg0<='0';br<='0';by0<='1';bg0<='0'; if s=5 then state<=A;clr:='0';en:='0';else state<=D;clr:='1';en:='1';end if;end case;end if;end process cnt;end architecture art;(2)cskz.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity cskz isport(ina:in std_logic;outa:out std_logic);end entity cskz;architecture art of cskz isbeginprocess(ina) isbeginif ina='1' then outa<='1';else outa<='0';end if;end process;end architecture art;(3)—cnt45s.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity cnt45s isport(sb,clk,en45:in std_logic;dout45m,dout45b:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)); end entity cnt45s;architecture art of cnt45s issignal cnt6b:std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);beginprocess(sb,clk,en45)isbeginif sb='0'then cnt6b<=cnt6b-cnt6b-1;elsif(clk'event and clk='1')thenif en45='1'then cnt6b<=cnt6b+1;elsif en45='0' then cnt6b<=cnt6b-cnt6b-1;end if;end if;end process;process(cnt6b)isbegincase cnt6b iswhen "000001"=>dout45m<="01000100";dout45b<="01001001"; when "000010"=>dout45m<="01000011";dout45b<="01001000"; when "000011"=>dout45m<="01000010";dout45b<="01000111"; when "000100"=>dout45m<="01000001";dout45b<="01000110"; when "000101"=>dout45m<="01000000";dout45b<="01000101"; when "000110"=>dout45m<="00111001";dout45b<="01000100"; when "000111"=>dout45m<="00111000";dout45b<="01000011"; when "001000"=>dout45m<="00110111";dout45b<="01000010"; when "001001"=>dout45m<="00110110";dout45b<="01000001"; when "001010"=>dout45m<="00110101";dout45b<="01000000"; when "001011"=>dout45m<="00110100";dout45b<="01101001"; when "001100"=>dout45m<="00110011";dout45b<="00111000"; when "001101"=>dout45m<="00110010";dout45b<="00110111"; when "001110"=>dout45m<="00110001";dout45b<="00110110"; when "001111"=>dout45m<="00110000";dout45b<="00110101"; when "010000"=>dout45m<="00101001";dout45b<="00110100"; when "010001"=>dout45m<="00101000";dout45b<="00110011"; when "010010"=>dout45m<="00100111";dout45b<="00110010"; when "010011"=>dout45m<="00100110";dout45b<="00110001"; when "010100"=>dout45m<="00100101";dout45b<="00110000"; when "010101"=>dout45m<="00100100";dout45b<="00101001"; when "010110"=>dout45m<="00100011";dout45b<="00101000"; when "010111"=>dout45m<="00100010";dout45b<="00100111"; when "011000"=>dout45m<="00100001";dout45b<="00100110"; when "011001"=>dout45m<="00100000";dout45b<="00100101"; when "011010"=>dout45m<="00011001";dout45b<="00100100"; when "011011"=>dout45m<="00011000";dout45b<="00100011"; when "011100"=>dout45m<="00010111";dout45b<="00100010"; when "011101"=>dout45m<="00010110";dout45b<="00100001"; when "011110"=>dout45m<="00010101";dout45b<="00100000"; when "011111"=>dout45m<="00010100";dout45b<="00011001"; when "100000"=>dout45m<="00010011";dout45b<="00011000"; when "100001"=>dout45m<="00010010";dout45b<="00010111"; when "100010"=>dout45m<="00010001";dout45b<="00010110"; when "100011"=>dout45m<="00010000";dout45b<="00010101"; when "100100"=>dout45m<="00001001";dout45b<="00010100"; when "100101"=>dout45m<="00001000";dout45b<="00010011"; when "100110"=>dout45m<="00000111";dout45b<="00010010"; when "100111"=>dout45m<="00000110";dout45b<="00010001"; when "101000"=>dout45m<="00000101";dout45b<="00010000"; when "101001"=>dout45m<="00000100";dout45b<="00001001"; when "101010"=>dout45m<="00000011";dout45b<="00001000"; when "101011"=>dout45m<="00000010";dout45b<="00000111";when others=>dout45m<="00000000";dout45b<="00000000"; end case;end process;end architecture art;(4)cnt05s.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity cnt05s isport(clk,en05m,en05b:in std_logic;dout5:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end entity cnt05s;architecture art of cnt05s issignal cnt3b:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);beginprocess(clk,en05m,en05b)isbeginif(clk'event and clk='1')thenif en05m='1'then cnt3b<=cnt3b+1;elsif en05b='1'then cnt3b<=cnt3b+1;elsif en05b='0'then cnt3b<=cnt3b-cnt3b-1;end if;end if;end process;process(cnt3b)isbegincase cnt3b iswhen "000"=>dout5<="00000101";when "001"=>dout5<="00000100";when "010"=>dout5<="00000011";when "011"=>dout5<="00000010";when "100"=>dout5<="00000001";when others=>dout5<="00000000";end case;end process;end architecture art;(5)—cnt25s.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity cnt25s isport(sb,sm,clk,en25:in std_logic;dout25m,dout25b:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)); end entity cnt25s;architecture art of cnt25s issignal cnt5b:std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);beginprocess(sb,sm,clk,en25)isbeginif sb='0'then cnt5b<=cnt5b-cnt5b-1;elsif sm='0' then cnt5b<=cnt5b-cnt5b-1;elsif(clk'event and clk='1') thenif en25='1' then cnt5b<=cnt5b+1;elsif en25='0' then cnt5b<=cnt5b-cnt5b-1;end if;end if;end process;process(cnt5b)isbegincase cnt5b iswhen "00000"=>dout25b<="00100101";dout25m<="00110000";when "00001"=>dout25b<="00100100";dout25m<="00101001";when "00010"=>dout25b<="00100011";dout25m<="00101000";when "00011"=>dout25b<="00100010";dout25m<="00100111";when "00100"=>dout25b<="00100001";dout25m<="00100110";when "00101"=>dout25b<="00100000";dout25m<="00100101";when "00110"=>dout25b<="00011001";dout25m<="00100100";when "00111"=>dout25b<="00011000";dout25m<="00100011";when "01000"=>dout25b<="00010111";dout25m<="00100010";when "01001"=>dout25b<="00010110";dout25m<="00100001";when "01010"=>dout25b<="00010101";dout25m<="00100000";when "01011"=>dout25b<="00010100";dout25m<="00011001";when "01100"=>dout25b<="00010011";dout25m<="00011000";when "01101"=>dout25b<="00010010";dout25m<="00010111";when "01110"=>dout25b<="00010001";dout25m<="00010110";when "01111"=>dout25b<="00010000";dout25m<="00010101";when "10000"=>dout25b<="00001001";dout25m<="00010100";when "10001"=>dout25b<="00001000";dout25m<="00010011";when "10010"=>dout25b<="00000111";dout25m<="00010010";when "10011"=>dout25b<="00000110";dout25m<="00010001";when "10100"=>dout25b<="00000101";dout25m<="00010000";when "10101"=>dout25b<="00000100";dout25m<="00010001";when "10110"=>dout25b<="00000011";dout25m<="00001000";when "10111"=>dout25b<="00000010";dout25m<="00000111";when "11000"=>dout25b<="00000001";dout25m<="00000110";when others=>dout25b<="00000000";dout25m<="00000000";end case;end process;end architecture art;(6)—xskz.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity xskz isport(en45,en25,en05m,en05b:in std_logic;ain45m,ain45b,ain25m,ain25b,ain05:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); doutm,doutb:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end entity xskz;architecture art of xskz isbeginprocess(en45,en25,en05m,en05b,ain45m,ain45b,ain25m,ain25b,ain05)is beginif en45='1'then doutm<=ain45m(7 downto 0);doutb<=ain45b(7 downto 0);elsif en05m='1'then doutm<=ain05(7 downto 0);doutb<=ain05(7 downto 0); elsif en25='1'then doutm<=ain25m(7 downto 0);doutb<=ain25b(7 downto 0); elsif en05b='1'then doutm<=ain05(7 downto 0);doutb<=ain05(7 downto 0); end if;end process;end architecture art;(7)—ymq.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity ymq isport(clk:in std_logic;ain41,ain42,ain43,ain44:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);del:out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);dout7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0));end entity ymq;architecture art of ymq issignal ain4: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal cnt: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);beginprocess(clk)beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenif cnt="011" thencnt<="000";elsecnt<=cnt+1;end if;end if;end process;process(cnt,ain41,ain42,ain43,ain44)begincase cnt iswhen "000" => ain4<=ain41; del<="111";when "001" => ain4<=ain42; del<="110";when "010" => ain4<=ain43; del<="101";when "011" => ain4<=ain44; del<="100";when "100" => ain4<=ain41; del<="000";when "101" => ain4<=ain41; del<="000";when "110" => ain4<=ain41; del<="000";when "111" => ain4<=ain41; del<="000";end case;end process;process(ain4)isbegincase ain4 iswhen "0000"=>dout7<="0111111";when "0001"=>dout7<="0000110";when "0010"=>dout7<="1011011";when "0011"=>dout7<="1001111";when "0100"=>dout7<="1100110";when "0101"=>dout7<="1101101";when "0110"=>dout7<="1111101";when "0111"=>dout7<="0000111";when "1000"=>dout7<="1111111";when "1001"=>dout7<="1101111";when others=>dout7<="0000000";end case;end process;end architecture art;(8)—jtkzq.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;entity jtkzq isport(clk,sm,sb:in std_logic;mr,mg,my,by,br,bg:out std_logic;del1:out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);dout:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0));end entity jtkzq;architecture art of jtkzq iscomponent div_clk isport(clk : in std_logic;clk1:out std_logic);end component div_clk;component jtdkz isport(clk,sm,sb:in std_logic;mr,my0,mg0,br,by0,bg0:out std_logic); end component jtdkz;component cskz isport(ina:in std_logic;outa:out std_logic);end component cskz;component cnt45s isport(sb,clk,en45:in std_logic;dout45m,dout45b:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end component cnt45s;component cnt05s isport(clk,en05m,en05b:in std_logic;dout5:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end component cnt05s;component cnt25s isport(sb,sm,clk,en25:in std_logic;dout25m,dout25b:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end component cnt25s;component xskz isport(en45,en25,en05m,en05b:in std_logic;ain45m,ain45b,ain25m,ain25b,ain05:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);doutm,doutb:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));end component xskz;component ymq isport(clk:in std_logic;ain41,ain42,ain43,ain44:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);del:out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);dout7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0));end component ymq;signal clk11:std_logic;signal en1,en2,en3,en4:std_logic;signal s45m,s45b,s05,s25m,s25b:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal ym1,ym2,ym3,ym4:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);beginu1:div_clk port map(clk=>clk,clk1=>clk11);u2:jtdkz portmap(clk=>clk11,sm=>sm,sb=>sb,mr=>mr,my0=>en2,mg0=>en1,br=>br,by0=>en4,bg0=>en3) ;u3:cskz port map(ina=>en1,outa=>mg);u4:cskz port map(ina=>en2,outa=>my);u5:cskz port map(ina=>en3,outa=>bg);u6:cskz port map(ina=>en4,outa=>by);u7:cnt45s port map(clk=>clk11,sb=>sb,en45=>en1,dout45m=>s45m,dout45b=>s45b);u8:cnt05s port map(clk=>clk11,en05m=>en2,dout5=>s05,en05b=>en4);u9:cnt25s portmap(clk=>clk11,sm=>sm,sb=>sb,en25=>en3,dout25m=>s25m,dout25b=>s25b);u10:xskz portmap(en45=>en1,en05m=>en2,en25=>en3,en05b=>en4,ain45m=>s45m,ain45b=>s45b,ain25m= >s25m,ain25b=>s25b,ain05=>s05,doutm(3 downto 0)=>ym1,doutm(7 downto4)=>ym2,doutb(3 downto 0)=>ym3,doutb(7 downto 4)=>ym4);u11:ymq portmap(clk=>clk,ain41=>ym1,ain42=>ym2,ain43=>ym3,ain44=>ym4,del=>del1,dout7=>dout) ;end architecture art;(9)—div_clk.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity div_clk isport(clk : in std_logic;clk1:out std_logic);end div_clk;architecture behav of div_clk issignal cnt:integer range 1000 downto 0;beginprocess(clk)beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenif cnt=999 thencnt<=0;elsecnt<=cnt+1;end if;if cnt<500 thenclk1<='0';elseclk1<='1';end if;end if;end process;end behav;5 引脚分配6 实验现象当主、支道均有车时，两者交替允许通行，主干道每次放行45s，支干道每次放行25s，在每次由亮绿灯变成亮红灯的转换过程中，要亮5s的黄灯作为过度，并进行减计时显示。