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医学英语第三讲(前缀,后缀,词汇用法good)


4. -ic加在外来词根的名词上,构成形容词
specific,aerobic需氧的,
oxytocic催产的、催产剂,therapeutic icteric黄疸的,dynamic动力的,hemolytic溶血的 5.-ous表示具有…的、有…特性的。 mucous, fibrous,
tremendous , previous 6.-ar表示…特征的,…形状的 regular,muscular circular
classification分类,分级,
immunization免疫法,预防接种, ketonization酮化作用
32.ment表示动作,行为或具体事物 measurement 测量,量度,experiment实验, fragment片段,断片,碎片, development发育,显影, ligament韧带
周围:circum-: circumstance, circumcise peri-: pericardial, perinephritic
二、表示程度,性质
大:macro-:macrocyte, macrocephalic mega-: megalith, megacity
小:micro-:microscope, microbiology
in vivo;体内的 In vitro:体外的
介词 希腊语前缀及例词 拉丁语前缀及例词 after meta- (metatarsal) post- (postmortem) before pro- (prognosis) ante- (antenatal) inside endo- (endocrine) intra- (intravenous) outside ecto- (ectoplasm) extra- (extramural) in, into en-, em- (endemic) in- im- ( insert ) out of ex-, exo- (exocrine) ex- ( excision ) below/under hypo- (hypothermia) sub- subacute above/over hyper- (hypertention) super(superacidity) supra- (suprarenal)
9.Pathy:…病
renopathy ,ophthalmopathy
arthropathy, cardiopathy
10.malacia:软化 encephalomalacia ,osteomalacia
11.lysis:溶解
haemolysis, karyolysis
fibrolysis ,collagenolysis
mini-:miniskirt
多:multi-:multinuclear, multilateral
poly-:polypeptide, polyfunctional 少:olig-:oliguria ,olig-peptide under-:underpopulation
超,高:super-:supernatural, superoxide supra-:supraconductivity ultra-:ultrasonic hyper-:hyperglycemia, hyperacid 低: hypo-: hypothermia sub-subacute
33.-ty表示性质
capacity容量,智能,能力,mortality死亡率, morbidity发病率, permeability渗透性,
obesity肥胖, similarity类似,相似
34. ure表示行为结果 pressure 压力, fissure 裂隙,裂, curvature弯曲 puncture穿刺,rupture破裂, nomenclature名称,术语
内:en-: endemic, engulf em-: embosom, embog
in-:intake, inject
im-: import, immigrate intra-: intracellular , intravenous endபைடு நூலகம்-: endocardium, endoscope, endocrine 外:ex-: export, exclude, excision
7.-ed 用于名词加ed,转化为形容词, 或动词过去分词作形容词。 Coded, deposited lubricated 8.oid:类….的,如…的 spheroid, ovoid, cystoid, crystalloid
9.-ish加在颜色的形容词上,表示略带…色 reddish, yellowish
10.-ive由动词构成形容词 relative. sensitive,congestive reproductive,effective, invasive
11.-less表示没有…的 useless, lifeless,
hopeless,fruitless
12.-ory表示…性质的,属于…的 sensory,accessory, circulatory,urinary
pro-: prostate, project, prognosis
后:post-: postpone, postoperative, postmortem re-: return, reflect retro-: retrospect ,retroject 上:over: overbridge super-: supervise 下:sub:-subway, subcutaneous hypo-:hypodermic, hypogastric
好:bene-:benefit eu-:eugenic , eupepsiac 坏,不良:mal-: malformation, malnutrition dys-:dyspepsia, dysentery, dysphagia
三. 表示否定
anti-:antibiotic, antitoxin ,antidote a-:atypical, asymmetry an-: anaesthesia, anonymous ir-:irregulat,irrational counter-:counteraction
12.Ectasis:扩张 cardiectasis ,nephrectasis
atelectasis
13.rrhaphy:缝合术 herniorrhaphy ,neurorrhaphy splenorrhaphy,gastrorrhaphy 14.Plasty:整形术
rhinoplasty,osteoplasty
25. er表示…人、…者 diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,
carrier 携带者,goiter甲状腺肿
26.ics 表示…科学 peadiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学, obstetrics产科学,orthopedics矫形科学, 28. logy表示学科 morphology形态学,histology组织学, embryology胚胎学, radiology放射学
15.cyte:细胞
leucocyte, erthrocyte, fibrocyte,s osteocyte, 16.blast:原始细胞 fibroblast, osteoblast
17.ium::整体与部分的关系
endocardium ,pericardium
epigastrium, hypogastrium
常见医学词汇后缀
一、名词性后缀
二、形容词性后缀
三、动词性后缀
四、副词性后缀
一、名词性后缀
1.ia:疾病名称 anaemia , pneumonia,dysgraphia
dysphagia, aphasia
2.algia:痛 arthralgia ,encephalalgia neuralgia ,gastralgia 3.esia;医学名词 anaesthesia , hypalgesia hyperalgesia, amnesia
四.表数字
一,单:uni-:unicellular, unipolar
Mono-:monoxide
二,双:bi-:biceps,bimonthly twi-:twifold
di-:dioxide, diarthritic
五.其他 自..:auto-autotrophic 异:hetero-:heterodimers 同: hemo-:homodimer 旁:para:paranephric 假:pseudo-:pseudotumor
4. sis:异常或病理状况
osis:疾病名称或病理状况
sclerosis ,tuberculosis necrosis , silicosis, thrombosis esis: pathogenesis, angiogenesis hematemesis, hemopoiesis
5.ism
aneurism, rheumatism morphinism, alcoholism ,embolism
22.age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态 percentage百分数,百分率, lavage灌洗,洗,出法, gavage管伺法,curettage刮除法 23.cy表示抽象名词 accuracy 准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期 24.-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀 tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率, pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救, sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变
三、动词性后缀
1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词 deviate,degenerate, defibrillate,anticipate, 2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使… weaken,soften, thicken,strenghten,
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