名解：1.症状symptom2.体征sign3.发热fever4.稽留热continued fever5.弛张热remittent fever6.间歇热intermittent fever7.波状热undulant fever8.回归热recurrent fever9.不规则热irregular fever10.水肿edema11.咳嗽cough12.咳痰expectoration13.咯血hemoptysis14.呕血hematemesis15.放射痛或牵涉痛radiating pain P4116.呼吸困难dyspnea17.心源性呼吸困难或心源性哮喘cardiac asthma18.Kussmaul 呼吸19.Saegesser 征20.腹泻diarrhea21.黄疸jaundice22.Gilbert综合征23.Crigler-Najiar综合征24.Rotor综合征25.Dubin-Johnson综合征26.夏科Charcot三联征27.血尿haematuria28.尿频frequent micturition29.尿急urgent micturition30.尿痛odynuria31.尿路刺激征32.神经源性膀胱33.意识障碍disturbance of consciousness34.嗜睡somnolence35.意识模糊confusion36.嗜睡stupor37.昏迷coma38.谵妄delirium39.问诊inquiry40.主诉chief complaint41.现病史history of present illness42.既往史past history 43.系统回顾review of systems44.月经史menstrual history45.体格检查physical examination46.检体诊断physical diagnosis47.视诊inspection48.触诊palpation49.叩诊percussion50.叩诊音percussion sound51.清音resonance52.浊音dullness53.实音flatness54.鼓音tympany55.过清音hyperresonance56.听诊auscultation57.嗅诊olfactory examination58. 生命征vital sign59.无力型asthenic60.超力型sthenic type61.正力型ortho-sthenic type62.营养不良innutrition63.营养过剩excess nutrient64.精神障碍mental disorders65.自知力insight66.二尖瓣面容mitral facies67.甲亢面容thyrotoxic facies68.体位position69.被动体位passive position70.强迫体位compulsive position71.端坐呼吸orthopnea72.间歇性跛行intermittent claudication73.发绀cyanosis74.色素沉着pigmentation75.斑疹maculae76.玫瑰疹roseola77.丘疹papules78.斑丘疹maculopapule79.荨麻疹urticaria80.瘀点petechia81.紫癜purpura82.瘀斑ecchymosis83.血肿hematoma84.蜘蛛痣spider angioma85.肝掌liver palms86.溃疡ulcer87.糜烂erosion88.瘢痕scar89.落日现象setting sun phenomenon90.眼球震颤nystagmus91.集合反射Convergence reflex92.鼻翼扇动nasal ale flap93.麻疹粘膜斑Koplik斑94.肝颈静脉回流征hepatojugular reflux95.胸骨下角infrasternal angle96.剑突xiphoid process97.气管牵曳Oliver征98.皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema99.三凹征three depression sigh100.橘皮状orange Peel101.胸腹矛盾呼吸paradixic breathing 102.潮式呼吸tidal breathing103.间停呼吸Biots呼吸104.叹息样呼吸sighing breath105.语音震颤vocal fremitus或触觉震颤tactile fremitus106.空瓮音amphorophony107.异常肺泡呼吸音108.齿轮呼吸音cogwheel breath sound 109.异常支气管呼吸音或管样呼吸音110.湿罗音moist rale 或水泡音111.粗/中/细湿罗音coarse/medium/fine rales 112.捻发音crepitus113.干啰音dry rales/rhonchi114.支气管语音bronchophony115.羊鸣音egophony116.胸膜摩擦音pleural friction rub117.心尖搏动apical impluse118.负性心尖搏动inward impulse119.心尖区抬举性搏动120.震颤thrill121.心脏瓣膜听诊区auscultatory valve area 122.二/三联律bigeminal/trigeminal beats 123.大炮音cannon sound124.钟摆律或胎心音125.固定分裂fixed splitting126.反常分裂paradoxical splitting127.奔马律gallop rhythm128.开瓣音opening snap129.心包叩击音pericardial knock 130.肿瘤扑落音rumor plop131.二尖瓣脱垂综合征132.心脏杂音cardiac murmurs133.收缩期杂音systolic murmur134.舒张期杂音diastolic murmur135.心包摩擦音pericardial friction sound 136.Austin-Flint杂音137.Graham-Steel杂音138.脱落脉dropped pulse139.水冲脉water-hammer pulse140.交替脉pulsus alternans141.奇脉paradoxical pulse142.迟脉tardus pulse143.重搏脉dicrotic pulse144.枪击音pistol shot sound145.毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation sign 146.周围血管征147.Ewart 征148.肋脊角costovertebral angle149.腹部平坦150.腹部膨隆abdominal protuberance 151.舟状腹scaphoid abdomen152.胃型或肠型gastral or intestinal pattern 153.蠕动波peristalsis154.肠鸣音bowel sound155.胃泡鼓音区Traube semilunar space 156.移动性浊音shifting dullness157.板状腹board-like rigidity158.腹膜刺激症peritoneal irritation sign 159.反跳痛rebound tenderness160.Murphy征161.Courvoisier定律162.液波震颤fluid thrill163.振水音succusion splash164.遗忘amnesia165.痴呆dementia166.失语aphasia167.构音障碍dysphonia168.角膜反射corneal reflex169.瘫痪paralysis170.指鼻试验finger nose test171.指指试验finger finger test172.轮替动作alternate motion173.跟膝胫试验heel-knee-tibia test174.昂白征Romberg’s sign175.痉挛spasm176.抽搐tics177.肌阵孪myoclonus178.浅反射179.腹壁反射abdominal reflexes180.提睾反射cremastetic reflexes181.深反射182.肱二头肌反射biceps183.肱三头肌反射triceps184.桡反射radial periosteal185.膝反射patellar186.跟腱反射Achilles187.霍夫曼征Hoffmann’s sign188.踝阵挛ankle clonus189.髌阵挛patella clonus190.巴宾斯基征Babinski’s sign191.奥本汉姆征Oppenheim’s sign192.凯尔尼格征Kernig’s sign193.布鲁津斯基征Brudzinski’ sign194.脑膜刺激征195.心电轴mean QRS axis196.心律失常arrhythmias197.窦性心律不齐sinus arrhythmia198.窦性停播sinus arrest199.病态窦房结综合征sick sinus syndrome SSS200.期前收缩premature beat201.联律间期coupling interval202.代偿间歇compensatory pause203.文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon 204.预激综合征pre-excitation syndrome 205.WPW综合征206.LGL综合征207.逸搏208.逸搏心律escape rhythm问答：1、发热的病因与分类和热型、伴随症状和体征2、水肿的分类和伴随症状3、心源性水肿和肾源性水肿的比较4、咳嗽咳痰的病因与发生机制、临床表现、伴随症状、问诊要点5、咯血和呕血的比较6、咯血的临床表现7、胸痛的病因与发生机制、临床表现、问诊要点8、呼吸困难的病因与发生机制和分类9、夜间阵发性呼吸困难的机制10、腹痛的原因和临床表现、问诊要点。