Covid-19has many faces
新冠病毒的“万千”面孔
Why does the virus have such varied manifestations?
新冠病毒为何有着如此千变万化的临床症状？
According to England’s National Health Service the signs that someone has contracted the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2are a high temperature or a new,continuous cough.This is certainly true for a majority of patients, but it is not so for a sizeable minority.
根据英国国民医疗服务体系的说法，当一个人感染新冠病毒时，他会表现出高烧或持续咳嗽的症状。
对于大多数患者来说，这种说法确实没错，但对于相当数量的少数患者来说，情况却并非如此。
Papers published in recent weeks present the new virus as having many faces.This is in stark contrast to the way in which influenza,another primarily respiratory disease,behaves—and it makes SARS-CoV-2all the more dangerous.It also raises the question of why this virus’s symptoms are so protean.
据最近几周发表的论文显示，这种新病毒有着许多面孔。
它的这一特性与流感（另一种常见的呼吸道疾病）形成了鲜明的对比，同时也使新冠病毒更具危害性。
由此，人们提出了一个疑问，新冠病毒为何有着如此千变万化的临床症状。
For decades,influenza has been referred to as“an unvarying disease caused by a varying virus”because of its tendency to mutate every year and yet still cause the same symptoms of rapid-onset fever,malaise, headaches and coughing.
几十年来，人们一直将流感称为“一种由不同病毒引发的症状相同的疾病”，这是因为流感病毒虽然呈现逐年变异的趋势，但它所引发的临床症状基本相同，例如急性发热、乏力、头痛和咳嗽等。
Indeed,a review of influenza papers published in2018by John Paget of the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research,showed that even when all of the different influenza types(A or B)and subtypes(H1N1, H3N2,etc)were analysed,there were few differences in the ways they presented clinically.Literature on SARS-CoV-2suggests,by contrast,that this virus is a master of disguise.
的确，荷兰健康服务研究所的约翰·佩吉特在其2018年发表的一篇有关流感的综述论文中指出，即使对所有不同类型（甲型或乙型）和亚型（H1N1、H3N2等）的流感分别进行研究，你也会发现它们在临床表现上没什么差别。
相比之下，据相关文献显示，新冠病毒则是个善于伪装的高手。
For example,Anthony DeBenedet,a doctor at St Joseph Mercy Health System in Michigan,reports in the American Journal of Gastroenterology that in early March,following a trip down the Nile,a71-year-old woman arrived at his emergency department with bloody diarrhoea.
例如，密歇根州圣约瑟夫慈善保健中心的医生安东尼·德贝内特在其发表于《美国胃肠病学杂志》的一篇文章中说道，今年3月初，一名具有尼罗河旅行史、现年71岁的妇女因腹泻便血来到了他所在的急诊科。
She suffered with this condition for five days,while also experiencing abdominal pains and nausea.But her temperature was normal and her breathing good,so covid-19was not suspected.
她的这种症状已经持续了五天，同时还伴有腹痛和恶心。
但由于其体温正常、呼吸状况良好，因此医生并未怀疑她感染了新冠病毒。
Yet when he and his colleagues examined samples of her stools for signs of the sorts of bacterial infections that are likely to be picked up in Egypt, they found none.They also saw no beneficial effects from the antibiotics they were administering.
然而，当德贝内特和他的同事对其粪便样本进行检测，以期寻找可能在埃及感染细菌的蛛丝马迹时，他们最终没有任何发现。
此外，对其使用抗生素治疗也未见任何效果。
They therefore started to wonder whether something else might be going on.It was only on the fourth day of the woman’s stay at the hospital,her ninth day of illness,when she developed a cough,that they tested her for SARS-CoV-2and confirmed the virus’s presence in both her nasal tissues and her stools.
于是，他们开始怀疑另有所因。
直到该妇女住院的第四天（即出现腹泻便血症状的第九天），她开始出现咳嗽的症状，于是医生才对其进行了新冠病毒的检测，最终在她的鼻腔组织和粪便中均发现有新冠病毒。
Dr DeBenedet’s findings are far from unique.Patients brought into hospital with all the symptoms of a heart attack have later been found to be suffering from cardiac inflammation caused by the virus.It has also demonstrated that it can begin as a kidney infection,or even as meningitis, before sometimes going on to cause its characteristic respiratory problems.
德贝内特医生的发现并非个例。
有患者因心脏病发作而被送去医院，但最终确诊为由新冠病毒引发的心肌炎。
此外还有研究表明，新冠病毒感染者在出现具有特征性的呼吸道症状之前，首先会先表现为肾脏感染，甚至是脑膜炎。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
manifestation[ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn]n.表现；症状respiratory[ˈrespərətɔːri]adj.呼吸的
protean[ˈproʊtiən]adj.千变万化的
mutate[ˈmjuːteɪt]v.变化；突变
disguise[dɪsˈɡaɪz]vt.掩饰；假装；隐瞒n.伪装diarrhoea[ˌdaɪəˈriːə]n.腹泻
nausea[ˈnɔːziə]n.恶心；作呕
inflammation[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn]n.炎症；发炎。