分类号：密级：UDC：青岛农业大学硕士学位论文氮肥运筹对小麦产量和品质的影响Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Topdressing Stage on Yield and Quality inWheat研究生姓名：张炳勇导师：崔日鲜副教授专业：作物栽培与耕作学研究方向：作物优质高产生理中国·青岛2010年6月Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Topdressing Stage on Yield andQuality in WheatThesis submitted toQingdao Agricultural UniversityIn Fulfillment of the RequirementFor the Degree ofMaster of AgronomyZhang Bingyong(College of Agricultural and Plant Protection)Supervisor: Vice Prof.Cui RixianQingdao. ChinaJune, 2006目录摘要 (1)Abstract (3)前言 (6)材料与方法 (12)1供试材料与试验设计 (12)2测定项目与方法 (12)结果分析 (15)1氮肥运筹对小麦光合特性的影响 (15)1.1氮肥运筹对小麦旗叶SPAD值的变化 (15)1.2氮肥运筹对小麦群体光能截获量IPAR的影响 (16)1.3氮肥运筹对小麦群体透光率的影响 (16)1.4氮肥运筹对小麦旗叶气孔导度的影响 (17)1.5氮肥运筹对小麦旗叶胞间CO2浓度的影响 (18)1.6氮肥运筹对小麦旗叶光合速率的影响 (19)2氮肥运筹对小麦碳代谢的影响 (19)2.1氮肥运筹对小麦干物质积累的影响 (19)2.2氮肥运筹对小麦器官蔗糖含量的影响 (20)2.2.1氮肥运筹对小麦叶片蔗糖含量的影响 (20)2.2.2氮肥运筹对小麦茎蔗糖的影响 (22)2.2.3氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒蔗糖含量的影响 (23)2.2.4氮肥运筹对小麦茎叶蔗糖积累量和的影响 (23)2.3氮肥运筹对小麦器官可溶性糖含量的影响 (25)2.3.1氮肥运筹对小麦叶片可溶性糖含量的影响 (25)2.3.2氮肥运筹对小麦茎可溶性糖含量的影响 (25)2.3.3氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒可溶性糖含量的影响 (26)2.3.4氮肥运筹对小麦茎叶可溶性糖积累量和的影响 (27)2.4氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分变化的影响 (29)3氮肥运筹对小麦氮素吸收利用的影响 (30)3.1氮肥运筹对小麦茎、叶及籽粒氮素浓度变化的影响 (30)3.2氮肥运筹对茎、叶氮素积累量的影响 (32)3.3氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其各组分含量的影响 (35)3.4氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒蛋白组分占总蛋白比列的影响 (36)3.5氮肥运筹对小麦氮素代谢相关酶的影响 (37)3.5.1氮肥运筹对小麦叶片硝酸还原酶（NR）的影响 (37)3.5.2氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒硝酸还原酶（NR）的影响 (38)3.5.3氮肥运筹对小麦叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的影响 (39)3.5.4氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的影响 (39)3.5.5氮肥运筹对小麦体内氮素营养状态的影响 (40)4氮肥运筹对小麦产量和品质的影响 (42)4.1氮肥运筹对小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响 (42)4.2氮肥运筹对小麦品质的影响 (43)4.2.1氮肥运筹对小麦干湿面筋含量的影响 (43)4.2.2氮肥运筹对小麦粘度指标的影响 (44)4.2.3氮肥运筹对小麦吹泡仪指标的影响 (46)4.2.4氮肥运筹对小麦稠度仪指标的影响 (47)4.2.5氮肥运筹对小麦拉伸仪指标的影响 (48)结论与讨论 (51)参考文献 (58)致谢 (63)ContentsChinese abstract (1)English abstract (3)Preface (6)Material and method (12)1The material for experiment and experimental design (12)2 Detemination project and method (12)Results and analysis (15)1 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on photosynthetic characteristics (15)1.1Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on SPAD value of flag leaf (15)1.2Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on intercepted PAR for wheat canopy (16)1.3Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on lighe transmittance rate (16)1.4 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on stomatal conductance in flag leaf (17)1.5Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on intercellular CO2 concentration in flag leaf (18)1.6Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on photosynthetic rate of flag leaf (19)2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on carbon characteristics (19)2.1Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on accumulated dry weight at different stages (19)2.2Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on sucrose content (20)2.2.1Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on sucrose content of leaf (20)2.2.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on sucrose content of stem (22)2.2.3Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on sucrose content of grain (23)2.2.4Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on accunulated sucrose content of leaf and stem (23)2.3Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on soluble sugar content (25)2.3.1Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on soluble sugar content of leaf (25)2.3.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on soluble sugar content of stem (25)2.3.3 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on soluble sugar content of grain (26)2.3.4 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on soluble sugar content of leaf and stem (27)2.4Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on starch and its components content on graiin (29)3 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on nitrogen characteristics (30)3.1 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on nitrogen content of leaf and stem and grain (30)3.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on accumulated nitrogen of leaf and stem (32)3.3 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on protein and its components of grain (35)3.4Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on protein components content (36)3.5Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on enzyme activity of nitrogen characteristic (37)3.5.1 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on NR activity of wheat leaf (37)3.5.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on NR activity of wheat grain (38)3.5.3Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on GS activity of leaf (39)3.5.4 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on GS activity of grain..................... . (39)3.5.5 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on nitrogen nutrition index of wheat (40)4 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on yield and quality (42)4.1 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on yield and its components (42)4.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on wheat grain quality (43)4.2.1 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on gluten content (43)4.2.2 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on RVA index of flour (43)4.2.3 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on alveograph index of flour (46)4.2.4 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on consistograph index of flour (47)4.2.5 Effects of nitrogen fetilizer rate and applied time on extensograph index of flour (48)Discussion and conclusion (51)Reference (58)Acknowledgements (63)氮肥运筹对小麦生理生态特性及产量和品质的影响摘要本试验于2007-2009在青岛农业大学试验农场进行，选用小麦品种济麦22和鲁麦21，通过田间观测和室内分析的方法，研究不同施氮量和追氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响，主要研究结果如下：1氮肥运筹对小麦产量和产量构成要素的影响本试验条件下济麦22的耐肥能力强于鲁麦21，即施氮量为300 kg/hm2的情况下，济麦22的产量仍有显著提高。