[作者简介] 王红霞,女,工程师,长期从事试油测试技术研究工作。
倒灰法打水泥塞工艺技术王红霞 李 权 王永河(吉林油田分公司试油测试公司 吉林松原138000) 摘要 倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是利用抽汲绳将油管或专用装灰筒及倒灰工具下到预定深度,在1m 范围内上提下放数次,使倒灰孔打开,实现水泥浆从油管流入井筒,同时胶塞从护套中推入套管实现地层封堵。
与常规打水泥塞方法相比较,该工艺具有施工时间短、工序少、一次成功率高、成本低等特点。
经过现场试验,效果良好,在吉林油田已推广使用。
关键词 地层封堵 水泥塞 抽汲绳 吉林油田前 言在吉林油田,利用水泥塞封堵地层是一种主要方法,大约占油层封堵层总数的80%左右。
仅以2004年为例,全年采用水泥塞封堵地层总数为179层。
常规打水泥塞方法施工时必须下油管,然后利用泵车将水泥浆泵入井下,这种方法施工时间长,工作量大,对于亏空严重的地层,一次成功率低,给试油生产带来了沉重的工作负担。
倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是试油测试公司自行研制的一种地层封堵方法,它克服了常规打水泥塞方法的缺点,现场应用效果良好。
工艺组成及工作原理1.工作原理倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是利用抽汲绳将4～6根油管或专用装灰筒及倒灰工具下到井内预定位置,在井口将油管注入水泥浆。
下到预定深度后,在1m 范围内上下移动倒灰工具,上提到第6次时倒灰孔打开,实现水泥浆从油管中流入井筒,同时胶塞从护套中推入套管,将水泥浆和水隔离,预防混浆,实现地层封堵目的。
2.工艺组成及技术参数下井工具串如图1所示,从上到下的顺序为:抽汲绳,安全绳帽,带孔变丝,油管(或专用装灰筒),倒灰工具等。
其工艺主要包括四个组成部分,即地面记深和指重部分、控制面板和微处理器、井下倒灰工具、试压泵等。
(1)地面记深和指重部分该部分的作用是测量抽汲绳的下深、速度和拉力,并将抽汲绳的下放速度、深度及拉力通过编码器和电子拉力传感器转换成电信号传输给微处理器。
其结构示意图如图2所示。
该装置装卸方便、快捷,其主要技术参数如下:最大拉力负荷7t ;系统工作温度-20～50℃;拉力灵敏度30kg ;深度误差小于0.8m Π1000m ;工作电2007年12月 油 气 井 测 试 第16卷 第6期压24V 。
(2)控制面板及微处理器该部分的作用是接收通讯电缆信号,并进行分析计算。
可以设定系统的工作参数,可设定量轮直径、抽汲直径和报警深度,显示抽汲绳下深及其下放速度。
(3)井下倒灰工具该工具的作用是将油管内的水泥浆倒入套管。
工具下到预定深度后,利用抽汲绳在上下1m 范围内移动倒灰工具6次,经过6次换位后将倒灰孔打开。
油管内的水泥浆经过倒灰孔流入套管。
其结构示意图见图3。
主要技术参数如下:总长2m ;适合的套管内径为139.7mm ;工具最大外径<150mm ;在井内上下移动6次实现倒灰,每次移动距离1.0～1.2m 。
(4)试压泵试压泵的作用是验证水泥塞的质量。
最大工作压力30MPa ,排量10L Πmin 。
施工及试验结果1.施工程序(1)施工前认真检查倒灰工具,确保换位灵活可靠。
按要求连接好倒灰筒、装灰筒、安全绳帽及地面记深指重装置。
(2)倒灰工具下入到预定灰面以下30m ,确认井筒完好。
当倒灰工具在预定深度时,在井口附近的抽汲绳上做明显标记,确认深度的可靠性。
(3)起出倒灰工具,检查后重新下入井内。
(4)按设计要求配置水泥浆。
(5)将配置好的水泥浆灌入装灰筒,连接好抽汲绳后匀速下放。
在距预定深度100m 时缓慢(15m Πmin )下放到预定深度,再次确认深度的准确性。
(6)在1.0～1.2m 范围内上下移动倒灰工具至少7次后,缓慢(3m Πmin )上提井下工具至设计灰面以上,快速上提工具到井口,检查倒灰工具,确认水泥浆已经倒出。
(7)候凝6h 后,利用抽汲绳带加重杆或油管实探灰面深度。
(8)48h 后将井筒装满清水,安装采油树和压力表,用试压泵加压到要求压力值,验证水泥塞质量。
2.现场试验结果2004年,倒灰法打水泥塞工艺技术已现场实验15井次,一次成功率100%。
具体数据如表1所示。
表1 施工记录表井号施工日期(月.日)封堵层号封堵井段(m )灰面位置(m )试压结果西182000206.1416497.0～492.4481.6015MPa29min 不降红8506.25231780.3～1778.81536.8415MPa15min 不降星232407.0723610.6～608.6656.1015MPa17min 不降让4707.09111541.0～1537.61478.1915MPa25min 不降乾北2221508.05241956.8～1952.01935.0715MPa24min 不降让4808.0810、91652.0～1646.01608.9915MPa26min 不降乾1652108.1661774.4～1771.41765.7915MPa18min 不降花3709.04351894.1～1889.31879.6815MPa16min 不降乾1652609.13181899.8～1895.21855.7715MPa19min 不降让4909.17121608.0～1605.51588.7315MPa27min 不降乾1732209.21251918.6～1915.01897.0215MPa20min 不降乾1742109.2815、141871.2～1867.61845.0015MPa21min 不降乾北102810.17171918.6～1915.61888.9015MPa23min 不降乾19310.28362118.4～2115.01841.0815MPa22min 不降东78201011.0815469.6～467.4460.2915MPa28min 不降经过15井次的现场试验,地面装置及井下倒灰工具完全达到了设计参数的技术要求。
结 论倒灰法打水泥塞工艺施工时间短,与常规水泥塞方法比较,一次可节约10h ;利用倒灰法打水泥塞不需要下油管,不需要泵车和罐车,减少了施工工序和劳动强度。
对于亏空严重的地层,一次成功率高。
但它不适合于稠油井,并且打塞的深度受到抽汲长度的限制。
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