Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。