概念-沉积相和沉积环境

Reading and Levell (1996)：A rock facies is a body of rock with specified characteristics
–A distinctive rock that formed under certain conditions of sedimentation, reflecting a particular process, set of conditions, or environment

An integrated basis for interpretation for the system
Four main uses of facies models

A norm, for purposes of comparison
New example = facies model simple interpretation
工 作 程 序
Four main uses of facies models

A norm（标准）
– for purposes of comparison

A framework and guide
– for future observations

Finding similar information in a new example
Concept

Facies model: a general summary of a given depositional system
Example: turbidites anf you have a more nihilistic view of life, the universe and everything, then you have to admit an infinite number of environments, facies and models (Anderton, 1985)
Walther (1894) - those facies and facies areas can be superimposed primarily which can be observed beside each other at the present time.
Facies Successions

Concepts
Facies Associations Architectural Elements Facies Successions Facies Models

Facies Associations
Facies: a small scale - only a few metres in thickness (Walker, 1983)

概念-沉积相和沉积环境

Selley (1976）
– 沉积相是沉积环境的古代产物 – 相是环境的物质表现

Tucker and Wright (1990)
Facies are -
pure descriptive sense environment of deposition depositional process
Facies Successions

Facies succession = Facies sequence
certain facies properties change progressively in a specific direction (vertically or laterally)
沉积旋回与相分析
Sedimentary Cycles and Facies Analysis
刘建波
个人信息

Name: 刘建波 Office: 新地学楼3423 Tele.：62754151 (O)，62755614 (H) E-mail: jbliu@ Ftp: ftp://62.105.20.22
A gradational transition from one facies to another vertically A sharp break and/or erosional surface between two facies stratigraphic sequences and allostratigraphic units
沉积学的三次革命

板块构造学说
纵向运动
垂向运动
沉积学的三次革命

层序地层学
– 对于沉积环境和海平面历史各种配置的层序建 造模型的详细研究； – 层序产生机制的详尽探讨，特别是构造作用和 轨道作用； – 提高地层对比精度的尝试，进一步提高地质时 间的精度，以用于检验全球绝对海平面变化模 型。
均一论 突变说
Further Reading


Miall, A.D., 1997, The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences, Springer-Verlag. Reading, H.G. (eds.), 1996, Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy, Blackwell Science. Walker, R.G., and James, N.P. (eds.), 1992, Facies Models: Response to sea level change, Geologcial Association of Canada.
4学时 4学时 2学时 4学时 2学时 2学时 4学时 2学时 2学时 2学时 2学时
考试成绩

平时课堂成绩 讨论课I 讨论课II
20% 30% 50%
Further Reading




de Boer, P.L., and Smith, D.G. (eds.), 1994, Orbital Forcing and Cyclic Sequences, Blackwell Scientific Publications. Enos, G., Ricken, W., and Seilacher, A. (eds.), 1991, Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy, Springer-Verlag. Schwarzacher, 1993, Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory, Developments Sedimentology, Volume 52, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 225 pp. Weedon, Graham P. , 2003, Time-series analysis and cyclostratigraphy: examining stratigraphic records of environmental cycles. New York: Cambridge University Press, 259 pp.
influenced by many small-scale local factors

ambiguous environmental interpretation
Facies Associations

Facies associations: groups of facies genetically related to one another and which have some environmental significance (Collinson, 1969) = Architectural elements (Allen, 1983): building blocks of the various depositional systems, three dimensional geometry of the facies associations
目的和要求
以沉积相和沉积旋回为主线，重点讲授沉 积学研究的基本概念、研究方法和最新进 展 教学目的

– 熟悉沉积相和沉积旋回的基本原理 – 掌握沉积相和沉积旋回分析的基本研究方法 – 分析沉积旋回的成因和控制因素 – 通过野外实习，学习野外工作方法
教学计划





沉积相基本知识 沉积旋回基本知识 陆相沉积旋回 浅海碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩沉积旋回 斜坡和盆地沉积旋回 讨论课 I 海平面变化与沉积旋回 构造作用与沉积旋回 米兰柯维奇旋回与沉积旋回 生物地层学、年代地层学与沉积旋回 讨论课 II
沉积模式及其建立方法 沉积作用的主要控制因素

沉积学的三次革命

沉积作用的物理、化学过程
– 水动力沉积结构的统一理论
Flow-regime概念
沉积学的三次革命

沉积作用的物理、化学过程
– 水动力沉积结构的统一理论 – 碳酸盐岩及其沉积过程理论
→沉积模式
Bahamas Banks and the Persian Gulf (Ham, 1962)
Contents
沉积学的三次革命 基本概念

– 沉积相 （Facies) – 沉积环境 （Sedimentary Environment）
沉积模式及其建立方法 沉积作用的主要控制因素

概念-沉积相和沉积环境
Gressly（1838）: the sum total of the lithological and paleontological aspects of a stratigraphic unit. Middleton (1973)：lithological, structural and organic aspects detectable in the field. The facies definition is quite objective and based on the total field aspect of the rocks themselves.