八年级英语语法专题（II）动词不定式的用法动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。
它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。
其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。
动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。
2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。
一、动词不定式作主语1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.A. for，ofB. of，forC. to，forD. of，to(安徽省) 常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式二、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants ______ some vegetables.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult ______.A. sleeping B. Sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cooked (甘肃省)四、动词不定式作状语 1. She went ______ her teacher.A. to seeB. looksC. sawD. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns (四川省)3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry ______ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)6. The panda is so large that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子) The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a large panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东省) （）1、The water is ____ dirty _____ the animals can’t drink it.A. too . toB.so. thatC. such ,thatD. n’t ,enough to （）2、The computer cost ____much money _____ I can’t afford to buy it.(答案选项同1)答案：B。
因money前有much所以不能用such3．环境的污染如此严重，一些濒危动物无法生存下去。
Environment _____ _____ _____ for endangered animals to live on.五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)六、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.A. to enterB. enterC. enteringD. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.A. not wake up himB. not to wake up himC. not wake him upD. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.A. doB. doingC. to doD. did (贵州省)七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.A. not to jumpB. to not jumpC. didn't jumpD. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child ______ noisy.A. not beB. not to beC. to not beD. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.A. have，not to beB. have，not beC. be，not to beD. be，not be (内蒙古自治区)八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. has (广西壮族自治区)2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home? ——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. took (湖北省)3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we? ——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.A. happenB. happensC. happeningD. to happen (黑龙江省)九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us? Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?A. I wouldB. I would likeC. I like toD. I'd like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us? ______. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I can'tB. Yes, I'm gladC. Yes, I'd love toD. I'd like (大连市)E.G ( )1.Could you __________ ? Certainly. A.borrow your pen to me B.lend your pen from me C.lend me your pen. （）2、I cook my family ______ dinner. A. for B. to C./ 2）、另外还要注意一些词+V-ING 作宾语。