• Only those that affect the reaction or the conclusion can become the terminating data.
• While those with no meaningful functions should never appear in this section. • The fool collects facts; the wise man selects them. (Dr. Jolin Powell)
Unit 8 Result, Discussion and Conclusion
Topical Highlights
• Section of Results: general functions and contents of results, writing requirements for results, examples and some useful expressions • Section of Discussion: general functions and main elements of discussion, writing requirements for discussion • Section of Conclusion: general functions and main elements of conclusion, requirements for writing a conclusion, samples for conclusion and useful expressions in writing a conclusion • Special Attention: conciseness (1) – using nonfinites, using replacement of attributes, using adverbs
• This work did provide…
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
• Our experimental data are briefly summarized as follows… • This fruitful work gives an explanation of… • Figure 3 shows the results obtained from studies of… • Table 5 presents the data provided by the experiments on… • This table summarized the data collected during the experiment of… • Most recent experiments to the same effect have led the authors to believe that…
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
– The presentation of results should be
short without verbiage and be of crystal clarity.
• It is clearly shown in Table 1 that the inБайду номын сангаасormation
• Full presentation of the specific data of the work and detailed analysis of the results
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
– Any data shown in this section must be meaningful.
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– Expounding Viewpoints
Section of Results
Ex. 8-1
The results of the identification function for the nasal consonants, /n/and/m, that were increased in duration are illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 respectively. The vertical axis indicates the percentage of identification of a moraic and a nonmoraic nasal. The horizontal axis indicates the rates of increased nasal duration (rate 1.0= the original onset nasal duration in /nata/ and /mapa/). Figure 1: Identification functions for a nasal consonant /n/ that is increased in duration. (omitted) Figure 2: Identification functions for a nasal consonant /m/ that is increased in duration. (omitted) As can be seen from Figure 1, when the rate reached 1.4, a moraic nasal began to be recognized. When it exceeded 2.4, it was always recognized. Although the rates were different, the same result was observed in Figure 2.
Section of Discussion
• General Functions and Main Elements of Discussion
– Analyzing the Data
• Try to present the basic principles, factual relationships, and successful generalizations of the results. • Bear in mind that, in a good discussion, what you need to do is to discuss but not reulate the results.
– Although the presentation of results is the most important part of a paper, it is often the shortest section. – Particularly if it is preceded by a well-written part of Experiment or Materials and Methods, and followed by a well-written part of Analysis, Discussion, Summary or Conclusion. – Sometimes, the result may possibly have just one sentence: “The results are shown in Table 1 (or Figure 1)
– Pointing out Doubts
• Point out any exceptions or any lack of correlation, and define unsettled points or doubts, the limitations, failures, as well as points for attention, if any.
• As a result of our experiments we concluded that… • The direct outcome was then reported in…
• Sufficient result for… has been observed with the new method…
desire grows with the development of industry.
• The information desire grows with the development of industry (Table 1).
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
Section of Results
• General Functions and Contents of Results
– Lies in the value of its final results and the author’s interpretation of the results – To bring about a solid foundation on which the whole paper rests – To present the essential results and data and then generalize them to a theoretical height
Section of Results
• Writing Requirements for Results
– Listed below are some useful expressions frequently encountered in the section of result.