反意疑问句用法及练习反意疑问句是指提出情况或者看法,询问对方同意不同意。
这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句的形式,后一部分是附着在前一部分上的简短问句,前后两部分要构成反意疑问关系。
又分为两种情况:(1)前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分要为否定形式,即“前肯后否”的形式;或(2)前一部分为否定形式,后一部分则为肯定形式,即“前否后肯”的形式。
具体句式如下:1.0 前肯后否He is a pupil, isn’t he?You are a teacher, aren’t you?We are here, aren’t we?He likes English, doesn’t he?You like English, don’t you?They like English, don’t they?We shall go to the cinema, shan’t we?2.0 前否后肯He isn’t a pupil, is he?You aren’t a teacher, are you?They won’t go to the park tomorrow, will they?I am not a teacher, am I?You haven’t done your homework, have you?3.0陈述部分主、谓语是I am…时,3.1陈述句为肯定句时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I, 而不是am not I (可用am I not),例如:I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?I am a doctor, aren’t I?或I am a doctor, ain't I? (慎用)反意问句为否定式时通常要缩写(若不缩写则用较正式的am I not),而am not在标准英语中又没有相应的缩写式,所以人们便用aren’t来代之。
原来,aren’t I 是由 am not I 的缩写形式amn’t I 演变来的。
而这种演变的原因,就是发音的便利。
英国人讨厌两个鼻辅音 [m] 和 [n] 放在一起发音。
当这两个音在amn’t I 中撞到一起时,就必须进行简化,只保留其一。
英国人感觉 [a:nt] 比[a:mt] 要顺口一些。
所以在 18 世纪的文献里开始出现an’t。
元音 [a:]的发音长短有变,有时长,有时短,由于aren’t中元音后的 r 在 18世纪左右是不发音的,所以amn’t的简化发音an’t和aren’t的发音自然就没有区别了。
18 世纪以后,曾经流行的an’t I 渐渐被aren’t I 取代。
今天在爱尔兰和苏格兰的某些方言中仍可听到amn’t。
aren’t I 在美国也被广泛使用。
有些美国人不喜欢,感觉它有点装腔作势,认为还是am not I 更正式。
但aren’t I无论在口语还是书面语中都已被英语世界的大多数人接受。
但是值得注意的是aren’t只适用于单数第一人称的问句形式(不能用于陈述句):正:I’m wrong,aren’t I? 我错了,是吗?正:Aren’t I clever? 我是不是很聪明?误:I aren’t clever. (我不聪明)正:I’m not clever. 我不聪明。
在英语的方言和未受过教育的人使用的语言中,还有一个缩写式用得很经常,就是ain’t,它可以代表amnot, are not, is not, has not, have not等(考试时应避免),例如:I ain’t going to tell you about it. 我不准备把此事告诉你。
My girlfriend ain’t come for weeks. 我的女朋友有好几个星期没有来了。
Don’t speak to me like that - you ain’t my boss. 不要那样对我说话,你又不是我的老板。
- It’s raining. 下雨了。
- No, it ain’t. 没有下。
3.2 陈述句为否定句时,即I am not…., 反意疑问句用am I? 例如:I am not a fool, am I?4.0 省去主语的祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意,例如:Look at the blackboard, will you/won't you? 看黑板,好吗?Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?5.0 Let引导的祈使句,有两种情况:5.1 Let's…,(包括听话者)后的反意疑问句,表示“建议”,用shall we或shan't we。
例如:Let's go home, shall we/shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?Let's go to the station, shall we?(Let's 包括听话者,所以用shall we?)还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
5.2 Let us…,(不包括听话者)后的反意疑问句,表示“请求”,用will you 或won’t you. 例如:Let us go for a walk, will you?/won't you?(Let us 不包括听话者,而是向听话者提出建议或要求。
)5.3 Let me…后的反意疑问句用,表示“请求”,will you或won't you.例如:Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?Let me help you, will you?5.4 Let him…, Let them…, Let the boy…用will you或won't you.6.0陈述句对第二人称的祈使句,问句可用will you? Won't you? Would you? Can you? 或can't you?)Open your books, would you/won't you?Don't make much noise, will/can you?7.0 否定祈使句中, 只用will you?Don't forget to write a letter to me, will you?8.0 宾语从句中,谓语动词是think、suppose、expect、believe、consider、imagine等词8.1 宾语从句的主语是第一人称,表示肯定时,则疑问句中的助动词和主语要与从句内的动词和主语保持一致,疑问句为否定句式。
例如:I believe that you can fly, can't you?We think that he has a cellphone, doesn't he?We think that he has done his best, hasn't he?注意:容易出错的地方是第二句和第三句,很多人把第二句的改成hasn't he,把第三句改成doesn't he,这两种情况都是因为没有分清楚从句中的动词是哪个,比如第二句话,其中的has是拥有的意思而不是助动词,此句中的助动词应该是does,而第三句话中这个has应该和has done连起来理解,它们是用来表示完成时态的一个助动词,而不能用does来代替哦,这两个一定要分清楚哦!8.2 宾语从句的主语是第一人称,表示否定时(转移否定),疑问句中的助动词和主语依然要与从句内的动词和主语保持一致,疑问句为肯定句式。
例如:I don't believe that you can fly,can you?We don't think that he has a cellphone, does he?We don't think that he has done his best. has he?注意:容易混淆的地方是宾语从句的否定是在主句中否定的,而不是从句中,例如第一句话,不能写成I believe that you can't fly.8.3 宾语从句的主语不是第一人称时,疑问句中的助动词和主语要与宾语从句主句内的动词和主语保持一致。
例如:They think that he can fly, don't they?She doesn't think that he has a cellphone, does she?8.4 宾语从句中,谓语动词不是think、suppose、expect、believe、consider、imagine等词时无论主句主语是不是第一人称,疑问句中的谓语和宾语都要与主句保持一致。
例如:We told him we would go there next week, didn't we?He said that Lily would come back next Monday, didn't he?9.0陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
9.1 must表示"必须"、"有必要",用must或need, 例如:He must work hard at physics,mustn’t he?We must study all the subjects well, needn't we?9.2 must be/do表示对现在的情况进行推测时,要用be/do 的适当形,例如:It must be Xiao Wang, isn't it?He must be a doctor, isn't he?9.3当must have done完成式表示对过去事情的推测时,问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”,例如:You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?She must have read the novel last week, didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?You must have seen the film "Shaolin Brothers", haven't you?You must have told her about it, haven't you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?9.4当must表示"禁止"时,反意问句要用may,例如:The boys mustn't play with fire, may they?10.0当陈述句含有used to时,简略问句用did,也可重复used,例如:He used to get up early, didn't he/ usedn't he?11.0陈述部分的谓语含有dare, need时,看它们是情态动词还是行为动词11.1当dare, need为情态动词时,反意疑问句用,dare、need, 例如:The girl daren't go home alone, dare she?We need not do it again, need we?You dare not say so, dare you?11.2当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do,例如:She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?He needs help, doesn't he? (need在此句中为实义动词,“需要“的意思)12.0陈述部分的谓语包含have to, has to, had to时,疑问部分要用助动词(do)的适当形式,例如:You had to do it well, didn't you?You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?13.0陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。