一、名词的单数、复数、所有格基础知识名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。
如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。
专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。
普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
如:police,uggs,rice 等。
普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。
如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。
如:family,police,class,people等。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。
如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。
如:hope,love,spirit。
一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。
可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,表示“多个”时用复数。
如:a bird,a teacher,an apple,two birds,five teachers,eight apples等。
可数名词复数的构成1、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。
如:game-games,boy-boys等。
2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。
如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。
3、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。
如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。
如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。
5、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,cheap nike air max,然后再加-es。
如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。
6、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。
这些词有:goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teech,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,child-children,ox-oxen等,ugg shoes。
不可数名词量的表示不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,如:a cup of tea,a uggs of rice,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。
如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如:a cup of tea---3 cups of tea---a uggs of rice---5 uggss of rice,a box of milk---12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper名词所有格表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。
如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。
名词所有格的构成有以下规则:1、一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。
如:Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.2、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“’”如:my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
3、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。
如:Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
4、名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。
如:The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
5、没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。
如:The window of the classroom教室的窗户;the capital of China中国的首都;The weather of ShangHai上海的天气. 实战练习一、判断正误。
下例表述正确的,在题后横线上打“∨”,错误的改正并说明其错误原因。
1、sheeps_____2、buses_____3、my classmates's father_____4、a onion_____5、some boys_____6、five goose_____7、two womans_____8、the children's toys_____9、a map of China_____10、a paper_____11、three bottle of water_____12、two babys_____13、peachs_____14、potatoes_____15、foxs_____16、some leafs_____17、photoes_____18、dogs_____19、the classroom's wall_____20、mouses_____二、写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey _____2、boy _____3、duck _____4、house_____5、bus _____6、lady_____7、sheep _____8、deer _____9、child_____10、foot _____11、tomato_____12、ox _____13、desk_____14、window _____15、ugg boots _____16、dish _____17、film _______18、day _____19、plane _______20、month _________21、inch ________22、village ___________23、city ____________24、family________25、knife _______26、people ___________27、man ___________28、thief ___________29、chinese ___________30、glass ___________三、根据中文的意思用正确的形式表示所有格。
1、Kate的妈妈___________________________________2、Jack的朋友___________________________________3、美国的首都___________________________________4、孩子们的书包___________________________________5、老师们的书___________________________________6、笔的颜色___________________________________7、我父母的卧室___________________________________8、我的朋友的朋友___________________________________9、Tom和Kate的爸爸___________________________________10、Gogo的姐姐和Jenny的姐姐___________________________________11、一滴水___________________________________12、两杯茶___________________________________13、三瓶啤酒___________________________________14、四双袜子___________________________________15、五块肥皂___________________________________16、六名警察___________________________________17、七朵花___________________________________18、八把椅子___________________________________19、九只青蛙___________________________________20、十双uggs ___________________________________四、完成下例句子。
1、LanLan and I________(是学生).2、There are _________(许多尺子)on the dask.3、There are__________(二十八天)in February this year.4、Give me _________(两瓶兰墨水),please.5、There are________(五个动物园)in ShangHai.6、I have ________(三个新铅笔盒).7、He has __________(许多老照片).8、Have you_______(两张绿纸)?五、把下例各句改成复数形式。
1、This is a zoo._______________________2、I am a good child.____________________3、It is a greedy wolf.___________________4、He is drawing a mouse.________________5、There is a baby on the floor.__________六、用正确的名词形式填空1、Lily and Lucy are my_______(classmate).2、There are seven_______(sheep).3、My uncle has two_______(child).4、How many _______(subway)are there in ShenZhen?5、Can you give me two bottles of_____(water).6、I brush my_______(tooth)three times a day.7、I have two_____(cup)of coffee for breakfast.8、The____(leaf)turn green in spring.9、There are some_____(policeman)in the police station.10、The green sweater is his_______(brother).七、选择正确的词填空1、Those_____(fish\fishes)are very beautiful.2、Those hamburgers are____(Tom\Tom's).3、Nina is at_____(grandma's\grandma).She went there yesterday.4、We have 16 new_____(light\lights).5、_____(The classroom's door\The classroom)is broken6、My friend Edward has three_____(child\children).7、Do you like eating_____(rice\rices)?8、There are 4_____(tea\cups of tea)on the desk.9、How many____(wolfs\wolves)are there?10、I like____(chicken\chickens)better than pork?八、选择填空()1、We have some____but we need some____.A.tomatos; potatosB.tomatoes; potatos.C.tomatoes; potatoesD.tomatos; potatoes.()2、The thief has two_____.A.knife;B.knifes;C.knives;D.knifees;()3、The lion has big_____.A.teeth;B.tooth;C.tooths;D.toothes;()4、-Can I help you?-yes,I'd like some_____.A.banana;B.pears;C.apple;D.lychee;()5、Father has_____for breakfast.A.two piece of bread;B.two pieces of bread;C.two pieces of breads;D.two piece of breads;()6、I'm thirsty.I need_____to drink.A.three bottle of juice;B.three bottle of juices;C.three bottles of juices;D.three bottles of juice;()7、There are many_____.A.banana trees;B.banana tree ;C.bananas trees;D.bananas tree;()8、Lily bought_____for Mary's birthday.A.two pair of ugg boots;B.two pairs of uggsC.two pair of ugg boots;D.two pairs of ugg boots()9、-How many_____can you see in the picture?-eight.A.sheepB.sheepsC.duckD.cow()10、About ten_____are going to visit the Chinese Art Museum the day after tomorrow.A.EnglishmanB.German Japanese D.Indian()11、This room is too small.Ican't find_____for myself.A.roomB.a roomC.roomsD.the room()12、_____love seeing ChengLong's films.A.PeoplesB.peopleC.PeopleD.person()13、The room is_____.A.Lucy and Lily;B.Lucy's and Lily;C.Lucy's and Lily's;D.Lucy and Lily's;()14、There were many_____and there weren't___then.A.factories; subwaies.B.factory; subways.C.factories; subways.D.factorys; subwaies.()15、Maths_____my favorite subject.A.isB.amC.areD.be()16、Can you give me_____?A.a paperB.some papersC.some paperD.papers()17、What's_____name,Peter?A.heB.the boyC.The boy's()18、Look at_____photo. Is it nice?A.AliceB.Alice'sC.Alices'()19、My brother is reading_____.A.today's paperB.today of paperC.today's papers()20、There are many pictures on_____.A.the classroom's walls;B.the walls of the classroom;C.The walls in the classroom.()21、That girl is Susan. She is _____.A.a friend my sister;B.a friend of my sisterC.a friend of my sister's()22、Is that an_____car?A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.English()23、-Can we put_____here?--Yes,Please.A.our coatsB.our coatC.my coat()24、She must look after those___.A.dogB.sheepC.parrot()25、-What's your name,please?--My name is_____.A.Wang Ying Hua;B.Wang Yinghua;C.Wangyinghua;()26、Where are____?A.the teachers' rooms;B.the teacher's roomC.the room of the teachers;。