4.Principles of Motion Economy
I Principles related to the use of human body II Principles related to the arrangement of work place
Ⅲ Principles related to tools and equipment
3. Classifications of Methods Study
There are three main classes of methods study: process analysis operation analysis motion analysis.
Process Analysis
The methods of determining time standards
Estimates historical records work measurement procedures
The significance of time study
Accurately established time standards help increase the efficiency of the equipment and the operating personnel Sound standards will mean the difference between the success or failure of a business
14
1 5 5
4
Activity symbols
Explain Indicates the main steps in a process, method or procedure. Usually the part, material or product concerned is modified or changed during the operation. Indicates the movement of workers, materials or equipment from place to place. Indicates an inspection for quality and / or a check for quantity. Indicates a delay in the sequence of events: for example, work waiting between consecutive operations, or any object laid aside temporarily without record until required.
Subsidiary Componen t
Main component
5 3 6 Now assembly
Change in size or condition shown like this
7
8 Repeats shown like this (note subsequent numbering) Alternative routes Repeat four more times 1 3
Body member moved
Fingers
2
3 4 5
Wrist
Elbow Shoulder Trunk
Hand and fingers
Forearm, hand and fingers Upper arm, forearm, hand and fingers Torso, upper arm, forearm, hand and fingers
What is time study
Time study is one of the work measurement techniques Time study is a structured process of directly observing and measuring human work in order to establish the time required for completion of the work by a qualified worker when working at a defined level of performance
Process of Time Study
Selecting the operator Analyzing the job Breaking it down into elements Recording the elapsed elemental values Performance rating the operator Assigning appropriate allowances
Purposes of time study
To determine the time standards and control labor costs. To set up the standard times and take them as the base of payroll. To decide the work schedule and work plan. To determine the standard cost and take it as the evidence of standard budget. To determine the utilization efficiency of machines and to solve the problems on balance of production lines.
The standard time
Definition: the time required for a fully qualified, trained operator, working at a standard pace and exerting average effort The standard time is calculated by the following equations: NT = OT × R/100 ST = NT + NT ×Allowance = NT ×(1+Allowance)
Unit 2 Time study
What is time study? The methods of determining time standards The significance and purposes of time study Requirements of time study Tools of time study Process of Time Study
Introduction to Work Study
Work study
Method study
Work measurement
Process Operation Analysis Analysis
Motion Analysis
Time Study
Work Sampling
Pmts
Standard Data
Chapter 2 Work Study
Unit Unit Unit Unit 1 2 3 4 Method Study Time study Time Measurement Methods Work Sampling
Unit 1 Methods Study
The Definition and Content of Methods Study Steps of Methods Study The Classifications of Methods Study Principles of Motion Economy
2.Steps of Methods Study
Selecting—the work to be studied & boundaries to be defined. Recording—the relevant facts about the job to be recorded. Examining and developing—the way the job to be performed. Six questioning techniques Analysis with “ECRS” principles
Inspection
Temporary storage or delay
Storage
Indicates a controlled storage in which material is received into of issued from a store under some form of authorization, of an item is retained for reference purposes.
Example Drive nail, drill hole and type letter, etc
Operation
Transport
Move material by truck, elevator or carrying Examine material for quality or quantity Material in truck or on floor at bench waiting to be processed, Employee waiting for elevator Bulk storage of raw material, finished product in warehouse
Tools of tiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe study
Stopwatch