Material Requirement Planning(MRP)物料需求计划companies are flattening corporate structures企业结构扁平化accuracy精度functional departments职能部门mechanical engineering department机械工程系decision-making process决策过程decentralized分散、不集中的insists on wearing同……相吻合Operations Research(运筹学)Mathematical Programming数学规划Forecasting预测Expert System专家系统Statistics统计学Organizational Theory组织理论Simplex Algorithm单纯形法Transportation Problem运输问题Network Problem网络问题Linear Programming线性规划Hypercube Queueing Model超立方排队模型Lagrangian Relaxation拉格朗日松弛法Lagrange Multiplier拉格朗日乘数Combinatorial Optimization Problem组合优化问题Polynomial Algorithm多项式算法Constraints约束Bound界限Network Queueing Model网络排队模型Nonconvex非凸的Simulation Modeling仿真建模Stochastic Network Analysis随机网络分析Markov Decision Process马尔科夫决策过程Stochastic Service System随机服务系统Objective Function目标函数、目标方程Discrete Optimization离散优化Nonlinear Optimization非线性优化Multiobjective Optimization多目标优化Unconstrained Optimization无约束优化Integer Optimization整数优化Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS)柔性制造系统Discrete Event Stochastic System(DESS)离散事件随机系统Artificial Intelligence(AI)人工智能accident prevention安全生产production planning生产计划inventory control库存控制personnel planning人力资源quantitative methods定量方法qualitative定性的scarce resources资源紧缺refining炼油、精炼likelihood可能性large-scale application大规模应用schedule调度、计划、安排distribution市场营销、产品运输domain领域Motion Analysis【动作分析】Time Study时间研究Activity/Work Sampling活动/工作抽样Historical Data历史数据Estimate估算Pre-determined Motion Times System(PMTS)预定动作时间系统Methods Time Measurement(MTM)方法时间测量法Maynard Operation Sequence Technique(MOST)梅纳德操作排序技术Modular Arrangement模块化安排法Predetermined Time Standards(PTS)预定时间标准法Master Standard Data(MSD)主时间数据法Motion Standard Times(MST)动作标准时间法Work Factor工作要素法Interactive Expert System交互式专家系统Data Collector数据收集器Rating or Leveling Factor评比因子Histogram直方图Moving Average Approach移动平均法Manufacturing Line Balancing生产线平衡graphical histograms统计直方图random times随机时间bottleneck瓶颈electronic hand-held data collector电子手持式数据采集器save little if any time能省点时间就尽量省点overlooked忽略的establish制定、建立eliminate删除internal element内部元素setup element安装要素routers工序、工艺流程Ergonomics【人因学/工效学】:Occupational Hazards职业危险Human Centered Design面向人类的设计Time-and-Motion Study时间和动作研究Industrial Psychology工业心理学Accident Proneness事故倾向性Work Physiology工作生理学Biomechanics生物力学Anthropometry人体测量学Human Factors Engineering人因工程Engineering Psychology工程心理学Experimental Psychology实验心理学Systems Engineering系统工程Human Perception人类感知Information Processing信息处理Response响应、反应Feedback Loops反馈回路Independent Variable独立变量Dependent Variable非独立变量Visual Sense视觉Auditory Sense听觉Manual Response手动响应Verbal Response语音响应Idiosyncratic Variable(人类的)特征变量Physiological Arousal生理干扰Macroergonomics宏观工效学Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off(SATO)速度和精度的平衡Cognitive Ergonomics认知工效学Usability Study使用性研究Human Reliability人类可靠性Human-Computer Interaction人机交互Musculoskeletal Disorder肌骨失调、肌骨紊乱enhance提升affordances功效示能性、功能可见性simultaneously同时and vice versa反之亦然scenario情况proposal提案collaboration协同synergy协同Trade-Off(两者间)平衡compromise折中Next Generation Factory Layouts【21世纪的工厂布局】:Factory Layout工厂布局Product Layout产品式布局Process Layout工艺式布局Functional Layout功能式布局Cellular Layout单元式布局Modular Layout模块式布局Layout/Facility Design布局/设施设计Work-In-Process(WIP)半成品Material Handing物料搬运Cell制造单元Throughput生产量、生产率Reconfigurability(布局的)可重组性、可重塑性Work Center工作中心Contract Manufacturing契约制造Original Equipment Manufacturer(OEM)原始设备制造商Delayed Product Differentiation产品延迟差异化Multichannel Manufacturing多通道制造Scalable Machine可扩展的机器Portable Machine便携式机器Workpiece工件Distributed layout分布式布局Agile Layout敏捷布局Waste-Disposal Facility废物处理设施Capacity Assignment能力分配Threshold Value阈值Directed Graph有向图Machine Utilization设备利用率Routing and Dispatching路径规划和调度Consolidated Facility联合设施、公用设施Star Layout星型布局Hub-and-Spoke Layout轮辐式布局queue times等待时间processing departments加工区in-process inventories半制品库存economy of scale规模经济product variety is high or production volumes are small多品种小批量property特性congestion拥堵、堵塞batching分批、分类subdepartment子部们robustness健壮的automobile industry汽车工业shrink缩短capturing分析embedded嵌入的process batch size流程批量responsiveness响应性review汇总order splitting订单分割under varying conditions在变化的条件下equidistant远距离Unit11New Product Development 新产品开发Product Strategy 产品策略Research and Development研发Product Portfolio 产品汇总表Product Concept Statement 产品概念陈述Customer Needs 顾客需求Project Plan 项目计划Concurrent Engineering 并行工程Rapid Prototyping 快速原型Product Definition 产品定义Project Planning 项目规划Foundation Element 基本要素Project Specific Element 项目特有要素Tangible Product 实物产品Sketch 草图Three Dimensional Model 三维模型Product Feature and Function 产品特征和功能Target Market Segment 目标市场部分Design Priority 设计优先级Resource Constraint 资源限制Important Factor 关键因素Task 任务Projected Resource Requirement资源需求预估Unit12Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM)计算机集成制造Computer-Aided Design(CAD计算机辅助设计Computer-Aided Manufacturing(CAM) 计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Engineering(CA 计算机辅助工程Computer-Aided Software Engineering(CASE)计算机辅助软件工程Computer -Aided Process Planning(CAPP)计算机辅助工艺规划Variant CAPP 变异式计算机辅助工艺规划Generative CAPP生成式计算机辅助工艺规划Material Requirement Planning (MRP物料需求规划Manufacturing Resources Planning(MRPⅡ)制造资源规划Capacity Requirements Planning(CPR) 能力需求规划Shop-Floor Control (SFC) 车间控制Group Technology (GT) 成组技术Computer Graphics 计算机图形学Primitives 基本构图要素Coordinate Transformation 坐标变换Prototyping 原型Stress Analysis 应力分析Integrated Circuit Board 集成电路版Printed- Circuit Board 印刷电路板Numerical Control(NC)Machine数控机床Numerical Control Part Programming数控零件编程Robotics Programming 机器人编程Computer-Generated Work Standard计算机生成的工作标准Bill of Materials(BOM)物料清单Manufacturing Automation Protocol(MAP)制造自动化协议Technical and Office Protocol(TOP)技术和办公协议Flexible Manufacturing system 柔性制造系统Automated Test Equipment(ATE)自动检测设备Change Notice 变更通知单Closed-Loop MRP System 闭环MRP系统Open System Interconnection(OSI)开放系统互联American Standard Code for InformationInterchange(ASCII)用于信息交换的美国标准编码Extended Binary-Coded-Decimal Interchange Code(ECDIC)扩展的十进制二元编码交换马Local Area Network 局域网Wide Area Network 广域网Fiber-Optic Cable 光纤电缆Coaxial Cable 同轴电缆Factory Automation 工厂自动化Hard Automation 刚性自动化Flexible Automation 柔性自动化Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)可编程逻辑控制器Automated Storage and Retrieval System(AS/RS)自动存取系统Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)自动导航设备Computer Automated Inspection(CAI)计算机自动检测Computer Numerical Control(DNC) 计算机数控Distributed Numerical Control(DNCⅡ) 分布式数控Electro-Magnetic Interference(EMI) 电磁干涉Plastic Injection-Molding Machine塑料注塑机Manipulators 操作件End-Effector 执行件Sensor 传感器Controller 控制器Hydraulically –powered 液动的Pneumatically –powered 气动的Electrically-powered 电动的Flexible Manufacturing Cell 柔性制造单元Vision /Tactile/Force sensor 视觉/触觉/压力传感器Point-To-Point(PTP)Robot 点到点机器人Force Sensor 压力传感器Tactile Sensor 触觉传感器Vision Sensor 视觉传感器No.14Just in time (JIT) 准时制造Japanese Management 日式管理Quick Set-up 快速启动Automation(ASD)自动化Poka Yoke or Automatic Stopping Device 自动停线设施Breaking of Physical Barriers (BPB)打破物理分隔Shop Floor Reduction (SFR) 车间缩减Defective Part 次品Work-in-Process 在制品Multi-Machine Manning Working System (MMM) 多设备配员工系统Standard Operations (SO ) 操作标准化Quality Control Circles (QCC) 质量控制圈Suggestions System (SS) 建议系统Flow-of-Products-Oriented Layout (FPL) 面向产品流动的布局U-formed Processing Line (UPL) U型生产线Mass Production of Mixed Models (MMP)混合型号的大规模生产Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM)全面预防性维护Kanban (KBN) 看板production Lead time 生产提前期Continuous Improvement(CI) 持续改进Breaking of Administrative Barriers (BAB)打破管理界限Autonomation (ADW) 员工自治Job Rotation (JR) 工作轮换On-the –Job Training (OJT) 在岗培训Zero inventories 零库存Zero Defects 零缺陷No.15Total Quality Management (TQM)全面质量管理Management Commitment 管理承诺Continuous Improvement 持续改进Customers Focus 以客户为中心Employee Empowerment 员工授权Process Management 流程管理Benchmarking 标杆超越Statistical Process Control (SPC)随机过程控制Assembly Line 装配线Mass Production 大规模生产Service Intangibility 服务的无形性Simultaneity of Production 生产的同时性Employee Involvement 员工参与Teamwork 团队合作Supplier Partnership 与供应商的伙伴关系Cellular Manufacturing 单元制造Quality Policy 质量策略Training 培训Product/Service Design 生产/服务设计Supplier Quality Management供应商质量管理Employee Relations 员工关系Customers Involvement 顾客参与Corporate Quality Culture 企业质量文化Strategic Quality Management战略质量管理Perishability 易逝性Total Quality Service(TQS) 全面质量服务Unit18Supply Chain Management 供应链管理Supply Chain Partner 供应链合作伙伴Inventory Cost 库存成本Operations Management 运作管理Stochastic Modeling 随机性建模Simulation 仿真Math Programming 数学规划Rational 理性的Objective Function 目标函数(方程)Individual Preference 个人偏好Cognitive Ability 认知能力Operational Cause 运作因素Behavioral Factor 行为参数(因素)Experimental Economics 实验经济学Beer Distribution Game 啤酒分销游戏Bullwhip Effect 牛鞭效应Exponential Smoothing 指数平滑Simple Moving Average 简单移动平均Retailer 零售商Wholesaler 批发商Distributor 分销商Manufacturer 制造商Holding Cost 库存成本Backlog Cost 缺货成本Ordering Cost 订购成本Setup Cost 生产准备成本Inventory Allocation 存货分配Infinite Manufacturing Capacity无限制造能力,无限生产能力Order Batching 批量订购Setup Time 生产准备时间Price Fluctuation 价格浮动Incentive Scheme 激励机制POS Data 销售点数据n-echelon n级,n阶Subject 实验参加者,实验主体Unit20Work Organization 工作组织Task Decomposition 任务分解Job Measurement 作业测量Information Technology 信息技术Business Process Redesign业务流程再造Process Modeling 过程建模Production Scheduling and Control生产调度控制Materials Management Information Systems物料管理信息系统Logistics 物流Workplace Rationalization工作现场的合理化Accounts Payable 应付账款Accounts Receivable 应收账款Cross-Functional Analysis 交叉智能分析80-20 Philosophy 80/20哲学,80/20原则Computer-Aided Systems Engineering(CASE)计算机辅助系统工程Underwriting 保险业Value-Added Chain 增值链Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)电子数据交换Local Area Network(LAN) 局域网Invoice 发票Bills of Materials 物料清单Asset Management 资产管理Production Scheduling 生产计划(调度)Human Resource Management 人力资源管理Continuous Process Improvement持续流程改进Automated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management systemAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究。