一、合成
有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。

如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。

fire + man ----fireman
good+looking -----good-looking
any+time ----anytime
一、派生
1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义
反义词：
un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual
happy---unhappy
dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear
like---dislike cover---discover
im: possible---impossible
in: dependent ----independent
2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（1）名词后缀：
-er: manage—manager, own---owner,
record---recorder
report---reporter, teach---teacher,
wait---waiter
win----winner, work---worker ,
write---writer
-or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor
-ress: wait---waitress, act---actress
-(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution, attract—attraction, suggest---suggestion
collect---collection, locate---location,
operate---operation, protect---protection
solve---solution, add---addition
2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（1）名词后缀：
-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization -(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision
-ment: develop---development, amuse-amusement advertise---advertisement
-ce: enter--entrance
-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building 2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（2）名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词
-ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist
-er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词
-ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness;
-ty: safe-safety, difficult-difficulty, honest-honesty -ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality, active—activity, able—ability
-th: true—truth, long—length
-ce:different—difference, important—importance -dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom,
(2) 动词后缀：
1. 名词+ize变成动词：-ize: memory---memorize
2. 形容词+en 变成动词：wide—widen
(3). 形容词后缀：
1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词
-ed: age—aged, wound—wounded
-ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success—successful, wonder—wonderful
-y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy snow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—lucky
noise—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny, -ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly,
-ive: act—active
-al: education—educational, office—official, nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal,
tradition—traditional, physical—physical
-cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical,
medicine—medical
-en: gold—golden, wood—wooden
-(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian
Italy—Italian, America—American (4)名词+less 变成形容词，有相反的意思
-less: home-homeless, care-careless, help—helpless life—lifeless, use—useless;
动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词：
-ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful
-able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable,
change—changeable,
-ive: attract—attractive
动词+ed, ing变成形容词
-ed: wound—wounded, fry—fried,
please—pleased,
surprise—surprised, interest—interested,
excite—excited
-ing: amuse—amusing, interest—interesting
surprise—surprising, excite--exciting
(4)副词后缀：形容词+y, ly 变副词
-y: gentle—gently, possible—possibly
-ly: accurate—accurately, angry—angrily,
beautiful—beautifully, general—generally,
clear—clearly, complete—completely,
final—finally
lucky—luckily, loud—loudly, main—mainly,
quick—quickly, quiet—quietly, real—really,
recent—recently, usual—usually, safe—safely
slow—slowly, serious—seriously, soft—softly wide—widely, true—truly, careful—carefully,
happy—happily, heavy—heavily,
immediate--immediately
(5)基数词后缀：
-teen : four—fourteen, five—fifteen, …
-ty: three—thirty, eight—eighty,
(6) 序数词后缀：
-th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen—nineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nine—ninth
特别注意：
one—first—firstly—once two—second—secondly--twice。