Unit 1have … in common “有…共同之处”concern oneself with… “关心，担忧…”devote… to … “把……奉献于……”put sb. to death 判某人死刑mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着做某事值得做某事、某事值得做1. It is worthwhile doing sth.2. It is worthwhile to do sth.It is worthwhile seeing the film.It is worthwhile to see the film.3. Sth. is worth doing.The film is worth seeing.4. Sth is worthy of being done.5. Sth. Is worthy to be done.The film is worthy of being seen.The film is worthy to be seen.be worth + sth.be worthy of sth.The museum is worth a visit.The museum is worthy of a visit.a campaign for / against…“一个支持、反对……的运动”a argument for / against…“一个支持、反对……的论点”behave oneself 守规矩，举止得体behave badly/ well to sb. 对待某人好、不好move off 离开，启程，出发observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做了某事(sb. be observed to do sth.) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事(sb. be observed doing sth.)in the shade 在阴凉处work out 弄明白，解决，制定，锻炼，进展respect sb. for (doing) sth. 因为…而尊敬某人respect sb. as … “尊敬某人为…”be outspoken about… “对……坦诚，直言不讳”argue with sb. about /over sth. 与某人争辩某事argue for / against… “为……而争辩”sb. arg ue that … “为反对……而争辩”argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事lead / live a … life 过着…..的生活crowd in 涌入脑海（后面不接宾语）crowd into / in on sb. （后面可接宾语）inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事look down on/upon… 瞧不起某人，鄙视某人refer to 查阅，提到，指，与……有关by chance 偶然地，无意地come aross （偶然）碰见，遇到death rate 死亡率at a … rate 以一种…..的比率、速度do (some) research on / into… “对……进行研究”be intended for… 为……而准备的、设计的be intended to do sth. 为了做…intend sb. to do. sth. 打算让某人做某事intend to do sth. 打算做某事place A second to B “把A置于B之后”A be placed second toB “A被置于B之后”take … into consideration 把…考虑进去show consideration to sb. 体贴某人under consideration 在考虑中deliver a baby 接生一个婴儿deliver a letter 递送一封信deliver a speech/ report / lecture做演讲，做报告，做讲座carry on (with) sth. 继续某事carry on doing sth. 继续做某事Unit 51. impress sth. on sb. = impress on sb. sth.使某人铭记某事，把某事印在某人的脑海里(sth. be impressed on sb.)2. impress sb with sth.某人对某事印象深刻，某事给某人留下深刻印象(sb. be impressed with sth.)3. …leave an impression on sb.…给某人留下深刻印象A rather thanB “是A而不是B”would rather do than dowould do rather than doprefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事chat with sb. about sth. 和某人聊某事go eastward/westward/upward向东/西/南/北走by tradition 按照传统A surroundB "A包围B"surround A with B “用A包围B”A be surrounded with/byB “A被B包围”go aboard (the plane/the train/ the ship)登上飞机/火车/轮船settle down 安静下来；坐下来；定居manage to do 设法做成某事catch sight of 看见；瞥见have a gift for (doing) sth. “对（做）某事有天赋”sth. measure + 数量“某物长、宽、高多少”take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth. to one’s measure根据某人的尺寸制作.... / 量体裁衣within one’s power 做某人的能力范围内within one’s reach 在某人够得着的范围内within sight 在视线范围内A bordersB “A与B接攘”than any other + n(单数) “比其他任何一个...”It has been confirmed that …"已经被证实、确认"confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信、坚定某事in the distance 在远处flow into 流进a telephone booth 电话亭go downtown 去商业区downtown Beijng / New York 北京市区、纽约市区look over 眺望；检查mix up 弄乱mix up A with B “把A 和B弄乱”a mixture of… “……的混合物”as far as + n. "远至......"go as far as + n. "一直走到......"as far as I know, "据我所知"as far as I can see, “依我看”as far as I am concerned, “就我而言”(to the) east/west/south/north ofin the east/west/south/north ofon the east/west/south/north ofoff the… “远离……”pleased 感到满足的pleasing = pleasant 令人愉快的terrified 感到害怕的terrifying 令人害怕的Unit 4A + 谓语+ 倍数+ as … as + BA + 谓语+ 倍数+ 比较级+ than + BA + 谓语+ 倍数+ the + 名词of + B(名词: size / length / height )This river is three times as long as that one. This river is three times longer than that one. This river is three times the length of that one.There exist(s)…There exist(ed)… “ 存在……”There exists a dog.There exist two dogs.There existed a temple in the past.说谎lie —— lied —— lied下蛋；放置lay —— laid —— laid躺；位于lie —— lay —— laincircle around 绕着…转a widely accepted theory 一个广泛被接受的理论begin with 以……开始in all directions = in every direction 朝四面八方be to do 将来打算、计划做某事settle into 形成grow into 长成turn into 变成in time 迟早，最终，及时cool down 冷却be fundamental to是……的基础、对……是必不可少的be harmful to 对……是有害的the present situation 目前的形势the people present 当场的人in the presence of sb. = in one’s presence 当着某人的面in one’s turn 轮到某人lay eggs 下蛋give birth to 分娩；产生prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(sb./sth. be prevented from doing sth.)protect sb./ sth. from sth.保护某人免受某事伤害(sb./sth. be protected from sth.)block out 阻挡，遮住；抹去（不愉快的记忆）break out （战争,火灾,瘟疫,争吵,打架）爆发break down （车）坏了，（人）崩溃了cheer up 感到高兴、振奋；使……高兴、振奋now that 既然，因为get the hang of 理解，掌握，熟悉have a chance to do 有机会做某事explain sth to sb. = explain to sb. sth.向某人解释某事watch out for… “当心，提防……”as well as 既……又，除了……还……for the first time 第一次（不能连接两个句子）the first time 第一次（可以连接两个句子）make … possible 使……成为可能a chain reaction 连锁反应call sb. … “把某人叫做……”sb be called … “某人被叫做……”pull up 停车pull away 开走pull in 进站pull out 出站pull down 拆毁as a result of… “由于……的结果” “由于”= because oflessen weight 减少重量crash into 撞上unit 3have / make a bet on ... “就……打赌”bring up 抚养，养育be set in 以……为背景mind (one’s / sb’s / sb) doing 介意做某事permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事permit doing sth. = allow doing sth.允许做某事permit sb. sth.允许某人某事go ahead 说吧、做吧、用吧“表示许可”by accident 偶然地stare at 凝视to be honest 说实话on the contrary 相反account for 解释，说明；导致earn one’s passage 挣船费seek help / seek advice / seek fame 寻求帮助、征求意见、追求名声take one’e order 点菜take a chance 冒险in rags 衣衫褴褛care about ... 关心、在乎as for... 至于in a rude manner 以一种粗鲁的方式good/bad manners 有礼貌、没礼貌have no manners 没礼貌a large amount of +不可数名词large amounts of + 不可数名词大量的a large sum of money 一大笔钱find sb. doing sth. = spot sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事(sb. be found doing sth.)find sb./ sth. done发现某人或某事被…(sb./sth. be found done.)That’s why... “那就是……的原因” “所以”That’s because... “那是因为”It is well-known that... “众所周知”It’s amazing + 从句“令人吃惊的是”had just done sth. when...刚做完某事这时was/ were doing sth. when...正在做某事这时be just to do sth. when..正要做某事这时be about to do sth. when...正要做某事这时whenever / wherever / however whatever / whichever。