一．作家作品连线1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica,6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜）7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella8.WilliamBlake布莱克——SongofInnocence（天真之歌）,Songofexperience （经验之歌）,PoeticalSketches（诗的素描）,TheBookofThel（塞尔书）,TheMarriageofHeavenandHell,VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion,TheS ongofLos9.RobertBurns彭斯——AuldLangSyne,ARedRedRose,Poems、ChieflyintheScottishDialect,TheTreeofLiberty,Scots、WhaHae，HolyWillies’s,MyHeart’sintheHighlands,JohnAnderson,MyJo,10.WilliamWordsworth华兹华斯——IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,LyricalBallads,LineComposedaFewMilesAb oveTinternAbbey,Ode:IntimationsofImmortality,TheSolitaryReaper,Luc yPoems,ThePrelude,11.SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治——KublaKhan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria（文学传记）、LyricalBallads(抒情歌谣集),TheRimeoftheAncientMariner,Christabel,12.JaneAusten简·奥斯丁——PrideandPrejudice,SenseandSensibility(ElinorandMarriane),Mansf ieldPark,Emma,NorthangerAbbey,Persuasion,13.GeorgeGordonByron乔治·戈登·拜伦——HoursofIdleness,EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers,ChildeHarold’s Pilgrimage,TheGiaour,TheBrideofAbydos,TheSiegeofCorinth,Manfred,Ca in,DonJuan,SheWalksinBeauty14.PercyByssheShelley波西·比希·雪莱——QueenMab,TheRevoltofIslam,PrometheusUnbound,TheCenci,Adonais,E nglandin1819,OdetotheWestWind,ADefenceofPoetry15.JohnKeats约翰·济慈——Endymion,Isabella,TheEveofSaintAgnes,Hyperion,OdeonaGrecianUrn ,OdetoaNightingale16.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特——JaneEyre,Villette,Shirley,TheProfessor,PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,and ActonBell17.CharlesDickens查尔斯·狄更斯——ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,OliverTwist,DavisCopperfi eld,BleakHouse,ATaleofTwoCities,TheOldCuriosityShop,DombeyandSon,G reatExpectations18.AlfredTennyson阿尔弗尼德·丁尼生——PoemsbyTwoBrothers,ThePrincess,InMemoriamArden,IdyllsoftheKing 19.RobertBrowning罗伯特·布朗宁——Paracelsus,Strafford,PippaPasses,DramaticLyrics,DramaticRomanc esandLyrics,MenandWomen,DramaticPersonae,TheRingandtheBook20.MatthewArnold马修·阿诺德——TheStrayedReveller,Poems,Poems:SecondSeries,NewPoems,EssaysinC riticism,CultureandAnarchy,LiteratureandDogma21.TomasHardy托马斯·哈代——UndertheGreenwoodTree,APairofBlueEyes,FarFromtheMaddingCrowd,T heReturnoftheNative,MayoroftheCasterbridge,TessoftheD’Urbervilles,JudetheObscure,TheDynasts二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）:,Beowulfwasanimportantepic.2、Humanism(人文主义):Inthe15th century,Itisa??and??stancethatemphasizesthevalueand??of?,individuallyandcollectivelyprefers??.3、Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派）:Inthe17thcentury,metaphysicalpoetryischaracterizedbyverbalw itandexcess,ingeniousstructure,irregularmeter,colloquiallanguage ,elaborateimagery,.4、Enlightenment（启蒙主义）:Inthe18th century,theEnlightenmentonthewhole,’stravels.5、Romanticism（浪漫主义）:Amovementthatflourishedinliterature,philosophy,music,,RedRo se.6、Sonnet（十四行诗）:Afourteen-linelyricpoem,幻想主义）:Aunusuallyfar-fetchedorelaboratemetaphororsimilepresentinga surprisinglyaptparallelbetweentwoapparentlydissimilarthingsorfee lings.7、.?Critical?Realism:.三、简答1.就莎士比亚的一部作品做出解析HamletistheprofoundestexpressionofShakespeare’’sappearinginamoodofworld-wearinesscausedbyhisfather’sdeathandbyhismother’shastyma rriagewithhisuncle,andendsupwiththedeathofmajorcharacters.2.鲁滨逊漂流记的人物形象和情节3.Plot:ItisthestoryofRobinsonCrusoe,在失乐园指撒旦的形象（TheImageofSatan）(1)SataninthepoemisarebelwhorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,.4.(2)培根散文节选段落评价(CharacteristicsofBacon’sEssays)Bacon’sessaysarecharacterizedbythei rconcisenessandbrevity,simplic ityandforcefulness,practicalityandversatility. Hisessayshavebeenconsideredasareformationofpopulareuphuism(夸饰文体),forinstance,OfBeauty,OfMarriage,OfRiches,,theseessaysshowBacon ’sprofundityinunderstandingmanandsociety. Theseessayscoverawidevarietyofsubjects,suchaslove,truth,friendship ,parentsandchildren,beauty,studies,youthandageandmanyothers．Theyh avewonpopularityforhisclearness,brevity(简短)andforceofexpression．选择了（论读书）Ofstudiesindetaildiscussedthe?purposeandfunctionof?reading,?analyz es?manydifferentattitudestowards?readingandintroducesthemethods?of reading.?Bacon?inthisthisessayusesthe??is?oneofthe?importantarticl e.Bacon’sessaysarecharacterizedbytheirconcisenessandbrevity,simplic ityandforcefulness,practicalityandversatility. Hisessayshavebeenconsideredasareformationofpopulareuphuism(夸饰文体),forinstance,OfBeauty,OfMarriage,OfRiches,,theseessaysshowBacon ’sprofundityinunderstandingmanandsociety.5.傲慢与偏见的情节(PrideandPrejudice) Elizabethwasborntoafamilyofsmalllandownersfours,Jane,Mary,'ssister aftertheelopementwithLydia,?misunderstandingbetweenthem,?eventuall yengaged.(拜伦式英雄)Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.2>withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,,inreligion,orinmor alprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.3>Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”7.格列佛游记的情节WhenLemuelGulliversetsofffromLondononaseavoyage,,hewashesashoreupo nanexoticislandcalledLilliput-wherethepeopleareonlysixinchestall!N exthevisitsalandofincredible!HestoLaputa,acitythatfloatsinthesky,a ndtoGlubbdubdrib,,theHouyhnhnms.四、诗歌赏析1.《水仙花》The?Daffodils赏析'sdiary,aswellas?ofhismemoryofthedaffodilsinGowbarrowPark,by?Wordsworth'sJournal,April15,1802:"Ineversawdaffodilssobeautiful.Theygrewamongthemossystones...;somerestedtheirheadsuponthese? stones,asonapillowforweariness;andtheresttossedandreeledand? danced,andseemedasiftheyverilylaughedwiththewind,thatblewupon? themoverthelake;theylookedsogay,everglancing,everchanging."? 2.'Theyflashuponthatinwardeye...':Wordsworthsaidthatthesewere? thetwobestlinesinthepoemandthattheywerecomposedbyhiswife. BiographyandAssessment: WordsworthwasbornintheLakeDistrictofnorthernEngland[...]The? naturalsceneryoftheEnglishlakescouldterrifyaswellasnurture,as? Wordsworthwouldlatertestifyintheline"Igrewupfosteredalikeby? beautyandbyfear,"butitsgenerallybenignaspectgavethegrowingboy? theconfidencehearticulatedinoneofhisfirstimportantpoems,"Lines? ComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey...,"namely,"thatNature? neverdidbetraytheheartthatlovedher."?[...]?'sCollege,?thecompetitivepressuresthere,heelectedtoidlehiswaythroughthe? university,persuadedthathe"wasnotforthathour,norforthatplace."? Themostimportantthinghedidinhiscollegeyearswastodevotehis? summervacationin1790toalongwalkingtourthroughrevolutionary??thefalloftheBastille,andbecameanardentrepublicansympathizer. [...]?ThethreeorfouryearsthatfollowedhisreturntoEnglandwerethe? darkestofWordsworth',rootless,virtuallypenniless,bitterlyhostiletohisowncountry'soppositionto? theFrench,heknockedaboutLondoninthecompanyofradicalslike? WilliamGodwinandlearnedtofeelaprofoundsympathyfortheabandoned? mothers,beggars,children,vagrants,andvictimsofEngland'swarswho? begantomarchthroughthesombrepoemshebeganwritingatthistime. Thisdarkperiodendedin1795,whenafriend'slegacymadepossible? Wordsworth'sreunionwithhisbelovedsisterDorothy--thetwowerenever? againtoliveapart--andtheirmovein1797toAlfoxdenHouse,near?,SamuelTaylor?Coleridge,andtheyformedapartnershipthatwouldchangebothpoets'? livesandalterthecourseofEnglishpoetry.[...]? ThroughalltheseyearsWordsworthwasassailedbyviciousandtireless? criticalattacksbycontemptuousreviewers;nogreatpoethaseverhadto?,withthepublicationofTheRiverDuddonin?1820,thetidebegantoturn,andbythemid-1830shisreputationhadbeen? establishedwithbothcriticsandthereadingpublic.Wordsworth'slastyearsweregivenoverpartlyto"tinkering"hispoems, asthefamilycalledhiscompulsiveandpersistenthabitofrevisinghis?,forinstance,wentthroughfourdistinctmanuscriptversions(1798-99,1805-06,1818-20,and1832-39)andwaspublishedonlyafterthepoet'? readersfindtheearliestversionsofThePreludeandotherheavily? revisedpoemstobethebest,butflashesofbrilliancecanappearin? revisionsaddedwhenthepoetwasinhisseventies. WordsworthsucceededhisfriendRobertSoutheyasBritain'spoetlaureate? ?influencewasfeltthroughouttherestofthe19thcentury,thoughhewas? honouredmoreforhissmallerpoems,assingledoutbytheVictorian? criticMatthewArnold,thanforhismasterpiece,? centuryhisreputationwasstrengthenedbothbyrecognitionofhis? importanceintheRomanticmovementandbyanappreciationofthedarker? elementsinhispersonalityandverse. WilliamWordsworthwasthecentralfigureintheEnglishRomantic??wasmorethanamatterofintroducingnatureimageryintohisverse;it? amountedtoafreshviewoftheorganicrelationbetweenmanandthe? naturalworld,anditculminatedinmetaphorsofaweddingbetweennature? andthehumanmind,andbeyondthat,inthesweepingmetaphorofnatureas? emblematicofthemindofGod,amindthat"feedsuponinfinity"and? "broodsoverthedarkabyss."Second,Wordsworthprobeddeeplyintohis? ownsensibilityashetraced,inhisfinestpoem,ThePrelude,the"growth? ofapoet'smind."ThePreludewasinfactthefirstlongautobiographical?,Wordsworth? workedhiswaytowardamodernpsychologicalunderstandingofhisown? nature,,Wordsworthplaced?poetryatthecentreofhumanexperience;inimpassionedrhetoriche? pronouncedpoetrytobenothinglessthan"thefirstandlastofall? knowledge--itisasimmortalastheheartofman,"andhethenwentonto??safetosaythatbythelate20thcenturyhestoodincriticalestimation? whereColeridgeandArnoldhadoriginallyplacedhim,nexttoJohn?Milton--whostands,ofcourse,nexttoWilliamShakespeare. Somecomments:??,whowouldnaturally?noticeandbegayatthesight-wefailtobeliftedbythesimplebut?? sohe"littlethoughtwhatwealthtohimtheshowhadwrought."Hewas? forcedtotrytore-experienceitfrommemory-hisinwardeye-inorderto? fillhisheartwiththepleasurehemissedwhenheactuallysawthedaffodils. Tome,thepoemservesasareminderthatourhappinessisbestservedifwe? liveourlivesaspoetsandnoticethesimplebeautythatnaturegivesus?,thepoetseesstars,dancers,happycelebrationsofnature'?poet!?? lookedatthepoemsomethingclickedandIhaveaprofoundunderstanding? thatIhadoverlooked-?Theword'DANCE'isineverystanza-Dancethecosmiccreativeenergy? thattransformsspaceintotime,?dancing,wasadancethatimitatedthesun'scourseintheheavensand?,yellow,goldencupsofthedaffodil?caneasilysymbolizethesun,thesacredsunofincorruptibilewisdom, superiorandnoble. DancingastheDanceofSivaistheeternalmovementoftheuniversethe? 'play'ofcreatio,orthe'fluttering'frenzyemotionalchaosof? Dionysian/Bacchic.Thestars,messengersofthegods,theeyesofnight,andhope,toss?their'head,'theseatofbothourintelligenceandfolly,honorand? dishonor. Lyingonacouchinavacantpensivemoodcouldeasilybeawayto? discribeameditativestatewheretheforcesoftheuniverseandour? connectionwiththeceaselessmovement,theebbandflowoflifeasa? wavedancescouldbepondered. Thatlastline"AnddanceswiththeDaffodils."coulditbethedanceof? ?existenceandthecirclingofthesun/Godofcoursewhatwealthand?glee.,andthesubjectmatterofapoemcanrangefrombeingfunnytobeingsad.2.《羔羊》TheLamb赏析Poeticstructure1rhymescheme:AABBCCDDAAAAEFGGFEAA“TheLamb”has twostanzas,eachcontaining fiverhymedcouplets.2Thelayoutissetupbytwostanzaswiththerefrain:"LittleLambwhomadethee ?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?"Inthe firststanza,thespeakerwonderswhothelamb'screatoris;,,thelambi scomparedwiththeinfantJesus,aswellasbetweenthelambandthespeaker':G od.Rhetoricaldevices1Thepoembeginswiththe question,“LittleLamb,whomadethee?”Thespeake r,achild,asksthelambaboutitsorigins:howitcameintobeing,howitacquir edi tsparticularmanneroffeeding,its“clothing”ofwool,its“tendervo ice.”2Inthenextstanza,thespeakerattemptsa riddlinganswer tohisownquestion :thelambwasmadebyonewho“callshimselfaLamb,”onewhoresemblesinhisg entlenessboththechildandthelamb.Repetition inthefirstandlastcoupletofeachstanzamakestheselinesintoa refrain,,andalsosuggestthebleatingofalamborthelispingcharacterofachild’schant.Theme1ThelambisacommonmetaphorforJesusChrist,whoisalsocalledthe"TheLamb ofGod"2Blakeinthe songsofinnocence，withchildishlife'spointofview，showsafullofloveandkindness,,butdepictsthecharacterofgentlenessviv idly.3Thepoet’s descriptionaboutthelamb’skindnessandgentleness,aimstoe xpresstheirfeelingoflifeandnature,andtheyearningfortheuniverseandh armoniousunderstanding.4Henotonlysingspraiseofgentlelamb,,JesusandtheLambarejusttheonethi ng.3.《她在美中行》SheWalksInBeauty赏析。