a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.
InflP(=S)
NP VP
N Aux V NP
Det A NP
N CON N
Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants
OR
InflP(=S)
NP VP
N Infl V NP
Det A NP
N CON N
Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants
b) Helen put on her clothes and went out.
S
NP VP
N VP CON VP
VP NP V Adv
V P Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out
OR
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pst VP CON VP
VP NP V Adv
V P Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out
c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.
S
NP VP
N VP CON VP
VP NP VP NP
V A P N V A P N
Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pres VP CON VP
VP NP VP NP
V A P N V A P N
Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics
6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.
a) You know that I hate war.
S
NP VP
CP
N V C S
NP VP
N V NP
N
You know that I hate war
OR CP
C InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
CP
N Pres V C S
NP VP
N V NP N
You know that I hate war
b) Gerry can’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.
S
NP VP
N VP NP
CP
Aux Neg V NP C S
Det N NP VP
N V NP
Det A N
Gerry can not believe the fact thatAnna flunked the English exam
c) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.
S
NP VP
CP
NP VP
Det N V NP NP
N Det N
Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce
d) The children argued over whether bats had wings.
S
NP VP
CP
Det N VP C S
V P NP VP
N V NP
N
The children argued over whether bats had wings
7. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences.
a) The essay that he wrote was excellent.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP V AP
C S P
NP Infl VP
N V NP
N
The essay he wrote that was excellent Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP V AP
C S P
NP NP Infl VP
N N Pst V NP
N
The essay that he wrote e was excellent
c) Herbert bought a house that she loved.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N Infl V NP
CP
Det N C S
NP Infl VP
NP
N V
N
Herbert bought a house she loved that
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N Infl V NP
CP
Det N S
C
NP Infl VP
NP NP
N V
N N
Herbert bought a house (that) she loved e
d) The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP V PP
P NP
C Infl S
N
NP VP
N VP NP
V N
The girl he adores whom majors in linguistics
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP V PP
P NP
C S
N
NP NP Infl VP
N N VP NP
V N
The girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics
8. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.
a) Would you come tomorrow
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP AdvP
N Infl V Adv
you would come tomorrow
Surface structure
CP
C S
VP
NP AdvP
Infl
N Infl V Adv
would you e come tomorrow
f) What was Helen bringing to the party
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP PP
NP NP
N Infl V P
N Det N
Helen Pst (did) bring what to the party
Surface structure
CP
NP C S
VP
N Infl NP PP
NP NP
N Infl V P
N Det N
what did Helen e bring e to the party。