大脑相关词汇表Aa-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸abducent nerve 展神经abstinent heroin dependent individuals (AHD) 海洛因戒断者accessory nerve 副神经acoustic tubercle 听结节Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) 酒精依赖疾患识别测验amygdala (AMY) 杏仁核angular gyrus 角回anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) 前扣带回皮层anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) 前扣带回anterior insula 脑皮层上的前脑岛anterior temporal lobe 颞叶前部arachnoid 蛛网膜area postrema 最后区；极后区arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) 磁共振动脉自旋标记灌注成像autonomic nervous system 自主神经系axillary nerve 腋神经BBarratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) Barratt冲动性量表basal forebrain 基底前脑,basal ganglia circuits基底节环路basal nuclei 基底核basilar artery 基底动脉basolateral amygdala (BLA) 基底外侧杏仁核basolateral 基底前侧Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) 血氧水平依赖brachial plexus 臂丛brain (encephalon) 脑brain stem 脑干Ccalcarine sulcus 距状沟caudate nucleus 尾状核central nervous system 中枢神经系统central sulcus 中央沟cerebellum (CER) 小脑cerebral aqueduct 中脑导水管cerebral arterial circle 大脑动脉环cerebral cortex 大脑皮质cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液cervical plexus 颈丛cingulate gyrus (CG)扣带回common peroneal nerve 腓总神经corpus callosum 胼胝体corpus striatum 纹状体cortex (CTX) 皮质corticomedial 皮质内侧corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束cranial nerves 脑神经crus cerebri 大脑脚cuneate tubercule 楔束结节cuneus gyrus 楔回Ddeep peroneal nerve 腓深神经dendritic spines 树突刺dentate gyrus 齿状回diencephalon 间脑dopamine (DA) 多巴胺dopamine type 2/3 receptor 多巴胺2/3型受体dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC）背外侧前额叶dorsal lateral striatum (DMPFC) 背外侧纹状体dorsal prefrontal cortex 背侧前额叶皮质dorsal putamen 背壳dorsal striatum (DS) 背侧纹状体dorso lateral frontal cortex 背外侧额叶dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 背外侧前额叶dorsolateral striatum (DLS) 背外侧纹状体dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) 背内侧前额叶dorsomedial striatum (DMS) 背内侧纹状体dura mater 硬脑膜Eelectroencephalography (EEG) 脑电图epithalamus 上丘脑Ffacial colliculus 面丘facial nerve 面神经Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) 尼古丁依赖量表fasciculus cuneatus 楔束fasciculus gracilis 薄束femoral nerve 股神经fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 氟脱氧葡萄糖fornix 穹窿fourth ventricle 第四脑室frontal lobe 额叶functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 功能磁共振成像fusiform gyrus (FG) 梭状回fusiform gyrus/visual cortex (FG/VC) 梭状回/视觉皮层Gg-aminobutyiric acid (GABA) γ-氨基丁酸ganglion 神经节globus palidus 苍白球glossopharyngeal nerve 舌咽神经glutamate 谷氨酸gracilis tubercule 薄束结节gray matter 灰质Hhealth participants (NDP) 健康人hippocampus/Para hippocampal gyrus (HIPP/PH) 海马/海马旁回hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经hypoglossal trigone 舌下神经三角hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) 下丘脑-垂体轴hypothalamus 下丘脑Iinferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚inferior colliculus 下丘inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) 额下回inferior olive nucleus 下橄榄核inferior parietal lobule (IPL) 顶下小叶inferior temporal cortex (ITC) 颞下皮层；下颞叶皮层inferior/superior parietal cortex (IPC/SPC) 上/下顶叶皮质insula (INS) 脑岛intercostal nerve 肋间神经internal capsule 内囊late positive complex (LPC) 晚正复合体lateral hypothalamu 外侧下丘脑lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系lateral prefrontal cortex 外侧前额叶lateral sulcus 外侧沟lateral ventricle 侧脑室lentiform nucleus 豆状核limbic brain circuitry 边缘系统limbic lobe 边缘叶limbic system 边缘系统lingual gyrus 舌回locus ceruleus 蓝斑longthoracic nerve 胸长神经lumbar plexus 腰丛lumbosacral trunk 腰骶干MMagnetic resonance image imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像magnetoencephalography (MEG) 脑磁描记法medial eminence 内侧隆起medial lemniscus 内侧丘系medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) 内侧前额叶皮质medial striatum 内侧纹状体median nerve 正中神经medulla oblongata 延髓metathalamus 后丘脑methylphenidate (MPH) 利他能（中枢神经兴奋药）midbrain (mesencephalon) 中脑middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) MNI坐标系motor cortex (MC) 动作皮层；运动皮层musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经Nnerve 神经Nervous System 神经系统neural cue reactivity (NCR) 线索诱发的神经活动neuroglia 神经胶质neuron 神经元n-methyl-Daspartic acid (NMDA) N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸nucleus accumbens (NAc) 伏隔核nucleus accumbens related circuitry 伏隔核相关回路nucleus ambiguus 疑核nucleus thoracicus 胸核nucleus 神经核Oobex 闩obturator nerve 闭孔神经occipital lobe 枕叶oculomotor nerve 动眼神经olfactory nerve 神经optic nerve 视神经opticchiasma 视交叉Orbital-prefrontal circuitry 眶前额皮层orbitofrontal cortex (OFC ) 眶额皮层;前额叶眶回Pparacentral lobule 旁中央小叶parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回parasympathetic nerve 副交感神经parieo-occipital sulcus 顶枕沟parietal lobe 顶叶periaquaeductal grey 导水管周围灰质peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统phrenic nerve 膈神经pia mater 软脑膜pons 脑桥pontine nuclei 脑桥核positron emission tomography (PET) 正电子发放断层扫描postcentral gyrus 中央后回posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) 后扣带回posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) 后颞中回；颞中回后部precentral gyrus 中央前回prefrontal cortex (PFC) 前额叶皮层premotor cortex (PMC) 前运动皮层putamen 壳pyramid 锥体pyramidal decussation 锥体交叉radial nerve 桡神经raphe nuclei 中缝核red nucleus 红核region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣脑区reticular formation 网状结构rhomboid fossa 菱形窝Ssacral plexus 骶丛sciatic nerve 坐骨神经septo-hippocampal complex海马皮层隔septo-hippocampal system 海马皮层系统solitary nucleus 孤束核somatosensory cortex (SC) 躯体感觉皮层spinal cord 脊髓spinal nerves 脊神经spinal trigeminal nucleus 三叉神经脊束核spinal trigeminal tract 三叉神经脊髓束spinothalamic tract 脊髓丘脑束striae medullaris 髓纹substantia gelatinosa 胶状质substantia nigra (SN) 黑质，塞梅林氏神经节subthalamus 底丘脑superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚superior colliculus 上丘superior parietal and premotor regions 高级顶叶和运动前区Superior parietal lobule (SPL) 顶上小叶superior temporal sulcus (STS) 颞上沟supplementary motor area (SMA) 辅助运动区supramarginal gyrus 缘上回sympathetic nerve 交感神经Ttelencephalon （cerebrum）端脑（大脑）temporal lobe 颞叶temporal pole 颞极temporal-parietal junctions (TPJ) 颞顶交界处temporoparietal cortex 颞皮层thalamus (THAL) 丘脑thoracic nerves 胸神经thoracodorsal nerve 胸背神经tibial nerve 胫神经tract 神经束transcoronal magnetic stimulating system (TMS) 经颅磁刺激系统trapezoid body 斜方体trigeminal nerve 三叉神经trochlear nerve 滑车神经Uulnar nerve 尺神经uncus （海马旁回）钩Vvagal trigone 迷走神经三角vagus nerve 迷走神经vegetative nervous system 植物性神经系ventral cingulate 前扣带ventral medial (PFC) 腹内侧ventral medial frontal 腹额内侧ventral pallidum (VP) 腹侧苍白球ventral prefrontal cortex 腹侧前额叶皮层ventral premotor cortex ( VPC ) 腹外侧运动前皮质ventral striatum (VS) 腹侧纹状体ventral tegmental area (VTAa) 腹侧背盖区ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) 腹外侧前额叶皮层ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) 腹内侧前额叶皮层ventromedial region of prefrontal cortex 前额皮质腹中区域vestibular area前庭区vestibulocochlear nerve 前庭蜗神经visceral nervous system 内脏神经系visual cortex (VC) 视觉皮层Wwhite matter 白质PreG precentral gyrus 中央前回PosG postcentral gyrusMFG 额中回superior frontal gyrusITG inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回MOG middle occipital lobule 枕中回IOG inferior occipital gyrus 枕下回IPL inferior parietal lobule 顶下小叶SMG supramarginal gyrus 缘上回FFA fusiform face area 梭状回面孔区LG lingual gyrus 舌回MNS:In humans, the mirror neuron system has two major components. One is formed by the inferior parietal lobule（顶下小叶）and the ventral premotor cortex（腹侧运动前皮层）plus the caudal part（尾部的）of Broca’s area, the other by the insula(脑岛) and anterior cingulate gyrus （扣带回）. The main visual input to the MNS originates from the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus(颞上沟STS)。