结构专业STRUCTURE目录a. LOAD 荷载b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN 设计常用词汇g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇正文a. Load 荷载拔力pulling force标准值standard value残余应力residual stress冲击荷载impact load, punch load残余变形residual deformation承压bearing承载能力bearing capacity承重bearing, load bearing承重结构bearing structure脆性材料brittle material脆性破坏brittle failure抵抗力resisting power, resistance吊车荷载crane load分布荷载distributed load风荷载wind load风速wind velocity, wind speed风压wind pressure风振wind vibration浮力buoyance, floatage符号symbol, mark负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment 附加荷载additional load附加应力additional stress副作用side effect, by-effect刚度rigidity刚度比ratio of rigidity刚度系数rigidity factor刚接rigid connection刚性节点rigid joint恒载dead load荷载传递transmission of load固端弯矩fixed-end moment活荷载live load积灰荷载dust load集中荷载concentrated load加载, 加荷loading剪力shear, shearing force剪切破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear stress简支simple support静定结构statically determinate structure截面模量modulus of section, section modulus 静力static force静力分析static analysis局部压力local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈local bulkling绝对值absolute value均布荷载uniformly distributed load抗拔力pulling resistance抗剪刚度shear rigidity抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗扭torsion resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗弯bending resistance抗弯刚度bending rigidity抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength 可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design拉力tensile force拉应力tensile stress, tension stress拉应变tensile strain, tension strain临界点critical point临界荷载critical load临界应力critical stress密度density离心力centrifugal force摩擦力friction force摩擦系数frictional factor挠度deflection内力internal force, inner force扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度fatigue strength偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉eccentric tension偏心受压eccentric compression屈服强度yield strength使用荷载working load水平力horizontal force水平推力horizontal thrust弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation弹性elasticity, resilience, spring塑限plastic limit弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elastic, elastic modulus体积volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土压力earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩bending moment, moment弯曲半径radius at bent, radius of curve位移displacement温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action系数coefficient, factor雪荷载snow load压应变compression strain压应力compression stress应力集中concentration of stress预应力prestressing force, prestress振动荷载vibrating load, racking load支座反力support reaction自重own weight作用action, effect作用点point of application, application jointb. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础板桩sheet pile, sheeting pile板桩基础sheet pile foundation饱和粘土saturation clay冰冻线frost line, freezing level不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement 残积土residual soil沉积物deposit, sediment沉降settlement沉降差difference in settlement沉降缝settlement joint沉井sinking well, sunk well沉箱caisson持力层bearing stratum冲积alluviation锤夯hammer tamping档土墙retaining wall, breast wall底板base slab, base plate, bed plate地板floor board地基ground base, ground地基承载力ground bearing capacity地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment地基稳定base stabilization地梁ground beam, ground sill地漏floor drain地下工程substructure work, understructure work地下室basement, cellar地下水ground water地下水位groundwater level, water table地下水压力ground water pressure地质报告geologic report垫层bedding, blinding独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation端承桩end-bearing pile筏式基础raft foundation粉砂silt, rock flour粉质粘土silty clay粉质土silty soil扶壁式档土墙buttressed retaining wall腐蚀corrosion覆土earth covering刚性基础rigid foundation沟盖板trench cover固结consolidation灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile护坡slope protection, revetment护桩guard pile环墙ring wall灰土lime earth回填backfill, backfilling回填土backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平层concrete screed火山灰水泥trass cement基槽foundation trench基础foundation, base基础底板foundation slab基础埋深embedded depth of foundation基础平面图foundation plan地基勘探site exploration, site investigation 基坑foundation pit集水坑collecting sump阶形基础stepped foundation结合层binding course, bonding course井点well point井点排水well point unwatering开挖excavation, cutting勘测exploration and survey勘测资料exploration data沥青bitumen, asphalt, pitch联合基础combined foundation卵石cobble, pebble埋置embedment毛石基础rubble foundation锚筋anchor bar锚桩anchor pile密实度compactness, density, denseness摩擦桩friction pile, floating pile粘土clay粘质粉土clay silt碾压roller compaction, rolling排水drainage, dewatering排水沟drainage ditch排水孔weep hole, drain hole排水设备dewatering equipment普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement 群桩grouped piles容许沉降permissible settlement容许承载力allowable bearing软土soft soil砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion砂土sandy soil, sands砂质粉土sandy silt设备基础equipment foundation水泥搅拌桩cement injection素土夯实rammed earth, packed soil碎石桩stone columns弹性地基elastic foundation弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation填方fill, filling填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling条形基础strip foundation土方工程earthwork挖方excavation work, excavation箱形基础box foundation压实compaction, compacting压实系数compacting factor验槽check of foundation subsoil预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile中砂medium sand重力式档土墙gravity retaining wall桩承台pile cap钻孔桩bored pile钻探exploration drilling, drilling,最终沉降final settlement基础梁ground beamc. Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构板缝slab joint板厚thickness of slab板式楼梯cranked slab stairs板跨度span of slab薄壁结构thin-walled structure薄腹梁thin wedded girder保护层protective coating臂式吊车boom crane, boom hoist边梁edge beam, boundary beam变截面variable cross-section变形缝movement joint变形钢筋deformed bar初凝initial setting, pre-setting次梁secondary beam大型屋面板precast ribbed roof slab单层厂房one-storied factory单筋梁beam with single reinforcement 单跨single span单向板one-way slab垫块cushion block垫梁template beam吊车梁crane beam, crane girder顶棚抹灰ceiling plastering端跨end span, tail bay多跨连续梁multi-span beam翻边upstand反梁upstand beam分布钢筋distribution-bar封闭式箍筋closed stirrup附加钢筋additional bar刚架rigid frame, stiff frame钢筋reinforcement, steel bar, bar钢筋表Bar Schedules钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing钢筋网bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖reinforced brick勾缝joint pointing构架frame, gallows构件member, structural member构造construction构造钢筋constructional reinforcement构造柱onstructional column, tie column构筑物structure箍筋hoop reinforcement, hooping箍筋间距stirrup spacing固定端fixed end, retained end固端梁fixed-end beam, fixed beam过梁lintel, breast summer混凝土强度等级grade of concrete机制砖machine-made brick剪力墙shear wall简支梁simply supported beam经济跨度economic span经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement劲性钢筋stiff reinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构steel composite construction 径向钢筋radial reinforcement抗剪钢筋shear reinforcement抗拉钢筋tension reinforcement受压钢筋compression reinforcement可见裂缝visible crack刻痕钢丝indented steel wire坑pit, hollow, delve空斗墙rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall空心板hollow slab空心砖隔墙hollow tile partition跨度span框架frame框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure 拉接钢筋tie bar栏杆railing, banister栏杆立柱railing post老化aging累积误差accumulated error肋形楼板ribbed floor slab冷拔低碳钢丝cold-drawn low-carbon wire 冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness 冷弯cold bending冷轧cold rolling离析segregation梁垫beam pad, template, pad梁挠度beam deflection楼梯斜梁string, stringer螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase马鞍形壳saddle shell锚固anchoring门式刚架portal frame面砖, 墙面砖facing tile, wall tile耐火混凝土fire-resisting concrete排架bent, bent frame女儿墙parapet wall, parapet配筋率reinforcement ratio配箍率stirrup ratio砌块block圈梁ring beam, tie beam, bond beam山墙gable深梁deep beam伸缩缝expansion joint实腹梁solid web girder实腹柱solid web column竖向钢筋vertical reinforcement双向配筋two-way reinforcement素混凝土plain concrete筒中筒结构tube-in-tube structure网状钢筋steel mesh reinforcement围堰cofferdam, coffer无梁楼盖flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件prestressed component预制prefabrication预制板precast slab预制构件prefabrication component预制装配式结构prefabricated construction折板folded plate, folded slab折板结构folded-plate structure主筋main reinforcement, main bar主梁main beam, girder柱距column spacing, post spacing装配式结构fabricated structure纵梁longitudinal beam纵剖面longitudinal section纵向钢筋longitudinal bard. Steel Structure 钢结构薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section 不等肢角钢unequal angle steel槽钢channel, channel steel背对背角钢组合angles back to back不锈钢stainless steel除锈rust-removal粗制螺栓rough bolt, black bolt带钢strip steel, band iron单面焊single weld, one-side welding地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt 点焊spot welding, point welding电动葫芦electric hoist等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle对接焊, 对焊butt welding腹板web plate, web腹杆web member腹板加劲件web stiffener杆rod, bar钢板steel plate钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢桁架steel truss钢框架steel frame钢梯, 爬梯steel ladder高强度螺栓high strength bolt格构柱lattice column工字梁I-girder, I-beam工字钢I-steel工字形截面I-shaped cross-section 焊缝welding seam焊接welding焊接长度weld length焊条welding rod桁架truss红丹底漆red lead primer红丹漆red lead paint加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener 加劲板stiffening plate角钢angle steel节点joint, node节点板gusset plate, gusset节点位移joint displacement节间长度panel length紧固螺栓clamp bolt, fastening bolt 精制螺栓turned bolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架open-web truss肋板ribbed panel, ribbed slab连接板connecting plate, joint plate檩条purline螺母screw nut, nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolt hole螺纹screw thread, thread螺纹长度length of thread螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel拉杆tie rod, tension rod满焊full weld铆钉rivet锰钢manganese steel喷砂sand blasting轻钢结构lightweight steel construction三角架tripod上弦top chord, upper chord上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架plane truss实腹刚架solid web rigid frame塔架pylon bent特种钢special steel调和漆mixed paint贴角焊fillet weld, fillet welding托架bracket网架结构grid structure屋架roof truss, principal无缝钢管seamless steel pipe系杆tie rod, tie bar, tie下弦bottom chord, lower chord下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing型钢section steel, shaped steel悬索suspended cable, suspension cable压力焊pressure welding仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate, cover plate轧制型钢rolled steel section支撑bracing, strutting铸铁管cast iron pipe组合槽钢built-up channel组合截面built-up section,compound section自动焊接automatic weldinge. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计鞭梢效应whipping effect场地类别site classification场地土site soil单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system 底部剪力法equivalent base shear method地震earthquake, seism地震烈度earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient地震作用earthquake action多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system反应谱response spectrum抗震earthquake resistance抗震缝seismic joint, aseismic joint抗震构造aseismic construction抗震设防earthquake fortification抗震设计seismic design共振resonance基本周期foundamental period里氏震级Richter magnitude烈度intensity设计近震design near earthquake设计远震design far earthquake时程分析法time history method液化liquefaction振型vibration mode振型分解法modal analysis method震源earthquake focus震中earthquake epicenter自由度degree of freedom自振周期natural period of vibrationf. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇安装installation, erection报价offer, quoted price报价单quotation壁柱pilaster, mural column变更alteration, variation, modification变形deformation标高elevation, level标准standard, criterion标准大样standard detail标准图standard drawing补充规定additional regulations补充说明additional remarks补充条件supplementary conditions 不对称asymmetry布置arrangement, layout布置图layout plan, layout材料material材料表bill of materials材料强度strength of materials参见详图referring to detail drawing 参考点reference point参数parameter操作平台operating platform草图sketch, draft, rough drawing侧向刚度lateral rigidity侧向稳定lateral stability侧向约束lateral restraint侧向支撑lateral bracing, side bracing 拆除demolition, removal长细比slenderness ratio厂房factory building, mill building 超静定statical indetermination承包contract承包商contractor底标高bottom elevation电梯lift, elevator, electric lift电梯井elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房elevator machine room方案scheme, plan, programme方案设计schematic plan方案图schematic drawing防爆explosion protection,explosion-proofing 防潮层damp-proof course防冻freezing prevention, frost protection防冻剂antifreeze compound防腐preservation防腐剂preservative, preservative agent防滑slip-resistance防滑处理deslicking treatment防滑条non-slip insert防火fire prevention, fire proofing防火材料fireproof material防火分区fire compartment防水waterproofing防水材料waterproof material防水砂浆waterproof mortar防酸acid proofing方形square防锈rust prevention防锈剂anti-rust agent防振vibration protection分配系数distribution coefficient风化weathering, efflorescence风向wind direction附图attached drawing附注note, annotation高层建筑high-rise building高差difference in elevation高跨比ratio of rise to span高宽比depth-width ratio高耸结构high-rise structure隔断partition, divider工程project, engineering工程量quantities工程量表bill of quantities工业厂房industrial factory building 工业建筑industrial architecture公称直径nominal diameter公式formula公司company, corporation拱arch共振resonance, sympathetic vibration 管架pipe rack规范regulation, code规格specifications, standards规模scale, scope国家规范national regulation国家标准national standards合同contract横向变形transverse deformation横向刚度lateral rigidity化工厂chemical plant货梯freight elevator, goods lift极限承载能力ultimate bearing capacity纪要summary计算书calculation sheet技术资料technical data剪刀撑, 交叉撑X-brace, cross brace简图sketch, diagram简支梁simple beam交叉intersection, crossing交点intersection point铰接hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形structural deformation结构图structural drawing结构形式structural style结构稳定性structural stability结论conclusion, verdict截面section界限limits, bounds, demarcation line紧急出口emergency exit精确度accuracy, precision, excatitude,局部破坏local failure, partial failure矩形rectangular抗冻frost resisting抗风柱wind resistance column立面elevation, facade粒径particle diameter连续梁continuous beam两铰拱two-hinged arch裂缝rift, crack, crevice楼梯stair楼梯间staircase楼梯扶手stair rail楼梯净空stair headroom楼梯平台, 休息平台landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度pitch of stair, slope of stair楼梯踏步stair step铝合金aluminum alloy铝合金窗aluminum alloy window民用建筑civil architecture摩擦friction耐火等级fire resistance rating耐久性durability, endurance爬梯cat ladder疲劳破坏fatigue failure频率frequency平面布置plan layout平台terrace, platform, deck平台栏杆platform railing剖面section剖面图sectional drawing侵蚀corrosion, erosion倾覆overturning, toppling人孔manhole容许误差allowable error, permissible error容许值permissible value, allowable value晒图blueprinting上部结构superstructure设计要求design requirements设计资料design data伸缩缝expansion joint室外楼梯exterior stair, outside stairway双向板two-way slab水平撑horizontal brace踏步step踏步板tread弹簧spring填充材料filling material填充墙filler wall挑板cantilever slab挑檐projecting eaves, overhang eaves停车场car park, parking lot通用构件standard member通用图standard drawing通用详图standard detail统一标准unified standards统一构件unified structure element投标bid, tender招标bidding图集collective drawings,collection of drawings 图签title block温差temperature difference稳定性stability, steadiness污水处理sewage disposal, sewage treatment 先张法预应力pretensioned prestressing现行标准currently effective standards详图, 大样detail drawing, detail橡胶止水带rubber waterstop消防firefighting, fire protection斜率slope卸荷unloading卸货平台discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂cantilever悬臂板cantilever slab悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam悬挂hanging suspension压缩机compressor压缩模量modulus of compression延性ductility, ductileness业主client, owner一览表table, schedule, list有效截面effective section预应力损失loss of prestress,prestressing loss圆形circular shape, round圆柱circular column, round column约束confinement, restraint, constraint约束条件constrain condition展开图developed drawing栈桥landing stage, loading bridge罩棚awning折减系数reduction factor折算高度reduced height支座support, pedestal直爬梯vertical ladder止水带water stop中和轴neutral axis重心center of gravity周期period, cycle转弯半径turning radius转动惯量rotational inertia装卸平台loading and unloading platformg. General Words for Construction 施工常用词汇拌和料mixture标准级配standard grading补强strengthening, stiffening测量survey, measurement拆模form removal尺寸dimension, size抄平leveling处理treatment搭接lap joint, lapping, overlap joint搭接长度splicing length打底bedding, priming打夯, 夯实ramming, tamping打桩pile driving, piling, driving粗砂coarse sand捣实rodding, tamping地质勘测geological exploration,geological survey吊装hoisting定位locating, positioning堆料区stacking area洞口opening放大enlargement, amplification放线setting out放样lofting, setting out分层夯实compaction in layers分层回填back-filling in layers蜂窝麻面voids and pits改建reconstruction, alteration改造transformation, remodeling钢模steel mould钢套管steel thimble, steel sleeve工厂预制构件factory-made component骨料, 集料aggregate骨料级配gradation of aggregate骨料粒径aggregate size贯入度penetration灌浆grouting, grout jection和易性workability后张法post-tensioning method含水量water content, moisture content混凝土剥落scaling of concrete混凝土外加剂concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑pouring of concrete级配gradation, grading加固reinforcement, strengthening加腋haunching间距spacing, pit建设building, construction建筑安装工程construction and installation work建筑材料building materials建筑结构building structure建筑设计院architecture design institute建筑施工building construction检修人孔inspection manhole浇筑pouring, placing, depositing脚手架scaffold, scaffolding结构标高structural elevation进度估计progress estimate净高clear height净距clear distance净空clearance绝对标高absolute elevation, absolute level 竣工completion竣工图“As Built” drawing开工commencement of work扩建extension, enlargement离析segregation临时设施construction site facilities临时道路temporary road麻面hungry spots埋入长度embedment length面层coat, coating抹灰plastering, rendering抹灰面层finish plaster模板form, shutter board模板工程formwork喷涂spray coating, spraying膨胀螺栓expansion bolt, expansion anchor平整leveling平整场地leveling of ground坡道, 斜坡道ramp, slope ramp, slope way 起吊hoisting砂浆mortar升板lift slab升板法施工lift slab construction施工construction施工单位construction organization施工缝construction joint, working joint施工图construction drawing时效aging试样sample, test sample收缩shrinkage, contraction水灰比water-cement ratio水泥cement水泥抹面cement plaster水泥砂浆cement mortar水泥砂浆找平cement mortar screeding坍落度slump梯子ladder, stepladder提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering 温度缝temperature joint误差error, inaccuracy细骨料fine aggregate细石混凝土fine concrete现场预制site prefabrication现浇混凝土cast-in-place concrete相对标高relative elevation, relative level徐变creep养护curing永久变形permanent deformation预留孔preformed hole, prepared hole预埋件embedded parts, embedded inserts预埋螺栓embedded bolt, inserted bolt找平leveling, screeding找平层leveling coat, leveling course振捣vibration振捣棒poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模form erecting, erection of shuttering最佳级配optimum gradation坐标coordinate粉状粘土Powdery clay soil车棚Bicycle shelter混凝土条形基础RC strip foundation。