建筑结构英语常用词汇————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：总体设计Generａl desｉgn设计依据Deｓign basis建筑红线Builｄing line建筑系数Coeｆficiｅnt of bｕｉldinｇoccupaｔｉon 界区Ｂａｔtｅry liｍｉｔed有效面积Effective area使用面积Uｓａbleａrea结构面积Stｒucｔuｒaｌarｅa建筑面积Buiｌdingａｒeａ建筑面积密度Densｉｔy ｏf buiｌding areａ竖向布置Ｖeｒｔical planｎing高程Ａltitude等高线Coｎｔour liｎe相对标高Ｒelatiｖe ｅlevation绝对标高Aｂｓoluｔe altiｔudｅ地震基本烈度Ｂasｉc earthｑuａke inteｎsity抗震设防烈度Foｒtification ｉnteｎsｉty风玫瑰Ｗind rose建筑朝向Ｂuｉlding oｒieｎｔａｔion建筑间距Ｂuildinｇｄistance公顷Ｈecｔare指北针Nortｈａrrow测北Gｅｏphical nortｈ建北Planｔnｏrｔh气象Mｅteoｒolｏgy日照Suｎｓｈinｅ天然采光Ｎaｔｕral lighting人工照明Artiｆicant ｌiｇｈｔ;aｒｔificial ｉlluminatiｏn照度Degree ｏｆｉllumｉnatｉｏn通风Ｖenｔilatｉoｎ正压通风Ｐosｉtive ventｉlating噪声Noisｅ隔声Ｓouｎd insｕlaｔion吸声Ｓouｎd abｓｏrptｉon保温隔热Heat inｓulａｔion露点Dｅｗｐｏint冷桥Cｏｌd－briｄge遮阳Ｓunｓhadｅ恒温恒湿Cｏnstａｎｔtｅmｐeｒature & cｏｎｓｔａnt humidｉty消声Noisｅeliｍinatｉｏn；nｏｉｓe reｄｕction防振ａnｔiｖibraｔｉon4．２建筑一般词汇Coｎventional teｒms of aｒchitｅcｔｕｒｅ方案Sｃheme；dｒaft草图Skeｔcｈ透视图Ｐｅrspｅctiveｄraｗing建筑构图Arｃhiteｃtuｒａｌcomｐｏｓition坐标Coordinate纵坐标Ordiｎate横坐标Abｓcｉｓsa跨度Span开关Ｂay 进深Ｄeｐｔh层高Floｏr height净高Ｃｌear heｉgｈt;ｈeaｄroom横数Modｕle; ｍodulus裙房Sｋiｒｔbｕｉldinｇ楼梯Stair梯段Staiｒslab楼梯平台Ｓtair lａnｄing安全出口Saｆety ｅｘit疏散楼梯Escapeｓｔaircasｅ楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Encｌｏｓuｒe sｔａｉrcase防烟楼梯间Smoke prｅvｅｎｔion sｔair well消防电梯间Emergｅｎｃｙｅlevａｔors well自动扶梯Ｅscａlａｔoｒ中庭Atｒiｕm疏散走道Esｃaｐｅcoｒｒidoｒ; eｓｃaｐｅway 耐火等级Fiｒｅ-resｉsｔiｖe grａｄe生产类别Classification of prｏductｉon耐火极限Duration of fire-reｓｉstａnce防火间距disｔance泄压面积Area of presｓure rｅlease闷顶Meｚanine; ｍｅzzanｉne砖标号Grａｄe oｆbrick；streｎgthｏf ｂｒｉcｋ承重墙Bearing walｌ非承重墙Non-beaｒinｇｗaｌl挡土墙Ｒetainｉng ｗａll填充墙Fiｌler walｌ围护墙Cｕrｔａiｎwall；cｌaddｉng ｗall; eｎclosｕre waｌl女儿墙Paｒａｐet wall隔墙Partition(浴室、厕所)隔断Stａll窗间墙Pier墙垛Piｌlar过梁Ｌintel 圈梁Ｇird; girt;gｉrth防潮层Damp-prooｆcourse勒脚Ｐｌｉnｔh横梁Ｔransvｅrsｅbeam纵横Ｌoｎｇiｔudinａl wall山墙Gaｂle; gａblｅwaｌl防火墙Fiｒe wall压顶Coping勾缝Poinｔing砖砌平拱Bｒicｋｆlat arｃh预埋件Ｅmbｅddeｄinsｅｒts直抓梯Ｌaddｅr栏杆Raiｌing防腐蚀Corrｏsｉon ｒesistant；Antiｃorrosion 化学溶蚀Ｃhｅmical erｏｓion膨胀腐蚀Expansiｏn corｒｏsion化学腐蚀Cｈemiｃａl corroｓion电化学腐蚀Electro-cheｍｉcal cｏrroｓion晶间腐蚀Inｔerｇranuｌar coｒrｏｓｉon气相腐蚀Ｇasｅｏuｓcorrosioｎ液相腐蚀Liquｉdｏid cｏｒrosioｎ固相腐蚀Solｉd corｒosion腐蚀裕度Aｌlｏｗaｎｃe fｏr ｃorｒosioｎ锈蚀rusｔing4.3 建筑材料Buildinｇmateｒials级配砂石Graded saｎd ＆grａｖel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Liｍe－soil素混凝土Ｐlain cｏncretｅ钢筋混凝土Reｉnforｃed cｏnｃｒｅte(Ｒ．C)细石混凝土Ｆineａｇｇreｇａｔe ｃｏｎcｒeｔe 轻质混凝土Lightｗｅight concreｔe加气混凝土Aeroｃrｅｔe; Aerｏcrete concrete陶粒混凝土Ceｒaｍsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cemｅnt & eｘpendｅd peaｒlite岩棉Minｅrａｌｗoｏl; mine ｗoｏｌ沥青asphalt卷材Ｆｅlt玛蹄脂Ａｓphaｌt mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enａmeｌbｒick空心砖Hｏllｏｗbrｉck砌块Block缸砖guaｒry ｂrｉcｋ锦砖ｍosac地面砖pａving bｒick防滑地砖non－ｓｌｉp brｉｃk耐酸砖（板)ａcidbriｃk (acidｔile）胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy ｔｉle玻璃瓦ｅｎameｌｌed tile波形镀锌钢板gaｌvａnｉzed corrｕgaｔe ｓteeｌshe ｅt玻璃钢瓦glass-fｉbｅr reinforced plaｓｔic tile彩色压型钢(铅)板colｏuｒeｄcorruｇａte steｅl (aluｍinｉｕm)plat;prｏfiuing coloured stccl （ａluminiｕm）ｐｌａt石棉水泥瓦aｓhestos-ｃemenｔｓheｅt水磨石terraｊjｏ水刷石ｇranite plasｔeｒ花岗石ｇrａｎite磨光花岗石pｏlisｈed ｇranite剁斧石arｔｉｆiｃiaｌsｔonｅ大理石maｒｂlｅ水泥砂浆抹面ｃemeｎｔplaｓter石灰砂浆抹面ｌime pｌastｅr水泥石灰砂浆抹面cｅment－lｉｍe plasｔer刀灰打底hemｐ-cｕt and lime as bａｓe原木Loｇ方木squaｒe timｂer板材pｌank胶合板plywood三夹板３plyｗooｄ五夹板５ｐlywooｄ平板玻璃ｆｌaｔglass浮法玻璃float-ｐｒocess glass磨砂玻璃groｕｎd glaｓs; fｒｏsted gｌass起玻璃prｉsｍgｌass夹丝玻璃Ｗirｅglａｓｓ夹层玻璃saｎdｗichｇｌass中空玻璃hollｏw glass钢化玻璃reinfoｒced glasｓ镀膜玻璃coatingｇlass有机玻璃oｒganic gｌａss4.4 建筑构造及配件Ｂuｉldiｎｇcｏｎsｔruction& comｐo ｎent铺砌pａｖiｎg地坪graｄｅ基层beddiｎｇ素土夯实raｍmeｄeartｈ垫层ｂaｓe结合层boｎdinｇｃoursｅ面层Covｅrｉng隔离层inｓuｌatiｏn coursｅ活动地板raｉsinｇfloor；movable fｌoor；acc ｅsｓfｌoｏr篦子板gｒatｉｎg地面提示块ｇrounｄprompt遮阳板sｕｎshade窗套Wiｎdow moｕlding护角ｃurｂｇuard防水层waｔｅr-prooｆcoｕrse找平层Ｌeｖｅling cｏuｒｓｅ隔热层ｈeat inｓｕlａtiｏn couｒse保温层tｈｅrmal ｉnｓｕｌaｔioｎcourｓe檩条ｐuｒlｉn天窗ｓkyliｇhｔ天棚ceｉliｎg吊顶suspendinｇceilｉng 吊顶龙骨ｃeiｌｉng joist雨水口dｒaiｎgulｌey水斗Lｅａd heａｄ雨水管Ｌeaｄer; dowｎspouｔ天沟Ｖalley挑檐ｏvｅrhａngingｅaｖe檐口ｅaｖe泛水ｆｌashing分水线watｅrshed檐沟eａve gｕｔｔeｒ汇水面积ｃａtchmeｎｔareａ雨罩canoｐｙ散水aproｎ坡道ramｐ台阶entraｎｃe sｔepｓ保温门tｈermaｌinsuｌａｔion door隔声门（窗）sound insulation doｏr （winｄoｗ); acｏｕｓtｉcａl dooｒ(wｉｎｄow) 防火门（窗)ｆｉre door (wｉnｄoｗ)冷藏门freezeｒdoor安全门exit dｏoｒ防护门（窗)pｒｏteｃｔioｎdooｒ(ｗindoｗ)屏蔽门（窗)Sｈｉｅlｄdooｒ(wｉndow）防风砂门radｉatioｎｒesisｔing door (winｄow) 密闭门(窗）weatｈｅｒtiｇht doｏr泄压门（窗)pressure releａｓｅdoｏr (winｄow) 壁柜门cｌoset doｏr变压器间门transｆormｅr roｏm ｄｏor围墙门gａte车库门gａrａge dｏｏr保险门ｓaｆｅdoor引风门ventｉlａtioｎdｏor检修门acceｓs dｏor平开门(窗）side－huｎgｄｏｏr推拉门(窗)sｌidｉnｇdoｏr弹簧门swinｇｄoｏｒ折迭门ｆoldinｇdoｏr卷帘门rｏllｉng door转门revｏlｖinｇdｏｏr夹板门plywｏodｄoｏr拼板门FLB door(framed, Ledged anｄbaｔtened ｄoor);ｍａtcｈｂｏard ｄoor实拼门ｓolｉd dｏｏr镶板门paneｌｄoor镶玻璃门gｌazed ｄoor玻璃门ｇｌass door钢木门ｓtｅeｌ& ｗoodｅn dooｒ百页门shuttｅr ｄoor连窗门dｏor with ｓiｄｅwiｎdｏｗ传递窗deliveｒｙｗｉndow观察窗oｂserｖaｔion ｗｉｎｄow换气窗vent saｓt上悬窗top-ｈｕｎg windoｗ中悬窗cｅnｔeｒ－ｐｉｖoted window下悬窗bｏttｏm-ｈung wｉndｏｗ立转窗vｅｒｔicaｌlｙpivoted windｏw 固定窗fｉxed windoｗ单层窗siｎglｅｗindｏw双层窗ｄoubｌe wiｎdow百页窗shｕtter带形窗contｉnｕous winｄow子母扇窗attａched sash wiｎdow组合窗compｏsiｔe ｗindｏｗ落地窗Freｎch window玻璃幕墙glazeｄcuｒtａiｎｗaｌl门(窗)框ｄooｒ（winｄoｗ) frａme拼樘料ｔransom (横),mulliｏn (竖）门(窗）扇ｄoor （wiｎdｏw）leaｆ（平开窗扇casemenｔsash)纱扇ｓｃrｅｅnｓａsh亮子transoｍ, ｆanlｉgｈt门心板pａnｃl披水板weatｈeｒbｏａrd贴脸板tｒim筒子板Lining窗台板sｉｌl plａｔe防护铁栅bａrｒiｃａde；iroｎｇrｉlle；gｒａｔi ｎg合页butts; hingeｓ; ｂuｔt hinges执手ｋnｏb撑档caｔch滑道sliding track插销ｂｏlt拉手ｐｕlｌ推板push plaｔｅ门锁ｍｏrticｅlocｋ;ｄoｏr lock执手锁moｒｔｉce loｃkｗith knoｂ4.5 建筑结构Buildingｓtｒucture4．5．1 荷载Load活荷载Liveｌｏad静荷载，恒载Ｄead ｌoad静力荷载Ｓtatic lｏad移动荷载Ｍoving loaｄ动力荷载Dynamｉｃlｏad冲击荷载ｉmpａct loaｄ附加荷载Ｓuperimposed loａd规定荷载（又称标准荷载）Ｓｐecified Lｏａd集中荷载Conｃｅｎtrated Ｌoad分布荷载Ｄｉｓtｒibuted Load设计荷载Ｄesign Lｏaｄ轴向荷载Axial Lｏaｄ偏心荷载Eｃcｅｎtrｉc Ｌoａd风荷载Ｗind Loａd风力、风压Winｄforｃe、ＷinｄPｒeｓsuｒe 雪荷载ＳｎoｗLｏad屋面积灰荷载Roofａsh Load(吊车）最大轮压Ｍａxｉmum Wheel Lｏａd吊车荷载Ｃrane Loaｄ安装荷载Erecｔion Loａd施工荷载ＣoｎｓtructiｏｎLoaｄ不对称荷载Ｕnsymｍetｒicａl Ｌｏadｉng重复荷载Rｅｐeaｔed Lｏad刚性荷载ＲｉｇidＬoaｄ柔性荷载Flexible Load临界荷载CriticaｌLｏad容许荷载Admiｓsｉｂle Ｌoａd, Aｌlowａble Ｌｏａd safe Loａd极限荷载UltimaｔｅＬｏａｄ条形荷载Strｉp Load破坏荷载FａilureＬｏａd, Lｏａｄａt faiｌｕｒe地震荷载Seismｉc Load；Ｅarthｑuakeｌoad荷载组合Cｏmｂinatｉｏnｏｆlｏad4.5.2 地基和基础Soiｌand foundaｔion地基(Bed)ｓoil天然地基Naｔuraｌground人工地基Ａrtifiｃiａｌｇｒoｕｎｄ混凝土基础Cｏnｃretｅfoundatｉon; Ｃoncrete ｆoｏting毛石基础Rubble maｓonry ｆoｏｔｉng;(Rubble)stｏne footiｎg砖基础Brickwoｒk footing桩基础Pile foundaｔｉoｎ设备基础Eｑuiｐｍｅnt foｕndation机器基础Machｉnｅｆouｎｄation独立基础Indｉｖiｄuaｌfooｔing，IsolatedｆｏundatｉonPad fｏuｎｄatiｏn联合基础Combineｄfooting大块式基础Maｓｓｉve foｕndaｔion条形基础Striｐｆoundaｔion；Strip fooｔingStｒap fooｔing; Cｏntinuous footing方形基础Sｑｕaｒｅfootinｇ杯形基础Fooｔing sｏcｋet板式基础Sｌａｂ-foundatｉoｎ; Maｔfootiｎｇ阶梯形基础Steｐｐed fouｎdatioｎ; Ｂenched foundat ｉon(Ｓtｅppedｆｏotｉng)扩展基础spread footｉｎg扩底基础Under-ｒeamｅd ｆｏｕndatiｏn浮伐基地Raft founｄaｔiｏn; Ｂuoｙant founｄationＦlｏａtinｇｆoundatioｎ沉箱（井）基础Caｉsｓon ｆouｎdation构架式基础Ｆrａｍe foundation深基础Ｄeｅp foundation基础Ｆｏoｔing Foundatｉoｎ基槽Ｆoundａtｉｏn ｄｉtｃh；Foｕndａtｉo ｎtrench基坑Fouｎｄaｔｉon pit基础板Fｏundatｉon sｌab基础梁Founｄation ｂeaｍFootinｇｂｅam基础底面Fouｎdatｉｏn base基础底板Fouｎｄatioｎmaｔ基础垫层Ｆounｄatioｎ-ｂeｄ基础埋置深度Deｐth of embedment fｏundation地下连续墙Unｄelｇｒouｎd contiｎuous wall打桩Pile drｉviｎｇ打桩机Pile engine; Ｐiｌｅdrｉｖer; Ｒam mactuiｎe钢桩Ｓtｅel piｌｅ水桩Wood pile; Timbeｒｐile钢筋混凝土桩Reiｎｆorceｄｃoncｒetｅpile砂桩Ｓand pｉｌe石灰桩Liｍe pile; Lime column；Quicklime pｉle单桩Singlｅｐile群桩Pile grｏup; Piｌe cｌｕsteｒ斜桩Bａtter piｌｅ预制桩precasｔpile灌注桩Ｉn-ｓｉtu ｐile;Ｃａsｔ-in－plaｃe pileCast-in-sｉtu pile; Fillｉｎg pｉｌe板桩sheｅt pile拆密桩Compａｃｔion pile挤密砂桩Sanｄcompaｃｔiｏn pｉle灰土挤密桩Line-soil compaction pile钻孔桩Bｏredｐilｅ打入桩Ｄriueｎpｉlｅ摩擦桩Fｒicｔioｎpilｅ;Buoyaｎｔｐiｌe端承桩End bearing pile；Poｉnt bｅarｉng piｌe；Coluｍｎｐile (柱桩）支承桩Ｂeａｒｉnｇｐilｅ抗拔桩Tensiｏn pile；Ｕｐliftｐile;抗滑桩Anti-ｓliｃｌｅpile桩承台Pｉle cap桩帽Pile ｃap；pilｅｃouel桩头Ｐiｌe ｃrown; piｌe heaｄ桩端Pile tip桩身Pｉｌe shaｆt桩距Piｌe spacｉng桩钢筋笼Pile cage试桩Tｅｓt pｉｌｅ桩荷载试验Pile load tｅst桩的动荷载试验Dynamic load test ofｐile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateral pｉleｌoａd tｅｓt桩的极限荷载Ulｔｉmaｔe pile ｌｏａd桩承载能力Pilｅcaｐacｉty; Ｂｅariｎｇcaｐａcｉｔy of a pｉleCaｒryｉｎg cａpacity oｆa pile土压力Ｅartｈpｒessuｒｅ主动土压力Aｃtｉｖｅeartｈprｅssurｅ被动土压力Ｐａssiveｅａrｔh pｒｅsｓure静止土压力Eａrth presｓuｒe at rest容许地耐力Ａllowａbｌe beａriｎg ｓｔｒｅｎgth冰冻深度Ｆrｏzeｎdｅptｈ; Frost ｄｅpｔh;Frost pｅnetration deptｈof fｒost ｐｅｎetｒation防冻深度Ｆrost－ｐrｏｏf deptｈ粘土类土Clayeｙsoil轻亚粘土Saｎdy loaｍ亚粘土Sanｄy clay; Loam砂质土Ｓanｄy soil砂砾石Ｓaｎdy graｖel stｒatum膨胀土Eｘｐaｎsiｖe soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Harｄpaｎ液限Lｉquid ｌｉmiｔ塑限Pｌasticｌｉmｉt塑料指数Iｎdeｘｏf plastｉｃｉty松软土Mellowｓoｉl；spｏngy soiｌ回填土Bacｋfill Refilling杂填土Misｃellaｎｅoｕs fill地表水Ｓuｒｆaｃe wａter；地下水Grｏundｗａtｅr地下水位Ｇroundｗａter eltualion;Ｇrｏundｗateｒlevel; Grｏundwater tabｌe容重Unit weight干容重Dry ｕnit weiｇht湿容重Wet unit ｗeｉght饱和容重Ｓaturated ｕnit wｅight不均匀沉降Unｅquaｌsｅｔtleｍｅnt;Ｄｉｆferenｔiaｌｓettlement地基处理Ｇrouｎｄｔreatｍeｎt地基加固Groｕnd stabｉｌizatioｎ; soiｌimproｖemenｔ土质查勘Soｉl eｘploration地质勘察Geｏｌoｇicaｌexpｌoｒation沉陷Settlement倾斜ｏｂliquitｙ; Incｌｉnaｔioｎ滑移Ｓlｉdｉng夯实土Comｐaｃｔed soｉl夯实填土Compａｃｔedｆill夯实回填土Taｍpeｄbacｋfiｌｌ夯实分层厚度Compactｅd lift持力层Beariｎｇｓｔratum; Ｓｕpportｉng; Coursｅ管道与基础相碰Piｐeｌine inｔerferｅs wｉtｈfoｕndation４.5．3 一般结构用语Teｒｍs for geｎｅraｌsｔructures建筑结构Buｉlｄing stｒuctｕｒe建筑物Buildinｇ结构形式Struｃｔural ｔype混凝土(砼）结构Ｃoncrete sｔructｕｒe砌体结构Masonry sｔrucｔｕre砖砌结构Bricｋsｔructuｒe石砌结构Stone stｒucturｅ砖砼结构Brｉcｋand conｃretｅsｔructｕre 钢结构Stｅel ｓtructurｅ结构型钢Sｈape steel木结构Timbｅｒstructuｒe组合结构Composite structｕre框架结构Fｒaｍe strｕcture梁板结构Beam and slab stｒuctuｒe构件Meｍｂeｒ承重构件Loａd-bearｉｎg ｍembeｒ结构构件Sｔrｕcture member肋形屋盖Ｒibbeｄrooｆ肋形楼板Ribbeｄfｌｏorｓlａｂ无梁楼板Flat pｌaｔe;Fｌaｔslab桁架;屋架Truss; Roof tｒusｓ三角形屋(桁)架Ｔrｉanguｌａr ｔｒuss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoｉdal trｕss拱形屋架Arch ｒoｏf ｔruss折线形屋架Ｓｅgmｅntaｌrooｆｔruss弓形桁架Ｂowｓtring truss框架Frame排架Beｎt frａmｅ刚架Ｒigｉｄfｒame门架Porｔal fｒame抗风构架Ｗiｎd frａme抗震构架Asｅismｉc fｒame梁Bｅam; Gｉｒｄeｒ大梁Girｄeｒ主梁Prinｃiｐaｌbeam; Primary beam 次梁Sｅcoｎdａｒy beａm加腋梁Haｕｎched ｂeam筒支梁Sｉmply ｂeaｍ固端梁Fixed bｅam悬臂梁Ｃantiｌｅｖｅr ｂeａm连续梁Ｃontｉnuous ｂｅam托梁Sｐandreｌ圈梁gｉrｔh过梁Lintｅｌ曲梁Ｃurveｄｂｅam bow beam基础梁Ｆｏundatｉonｂeａm吊车梁CｒanｅgirｄerT形梁T-beａm柱Columｎ组合柱Coｍｂｉnａtion ｃｏｌumn立柱Post吊车柱Crane coｌｕｍn抗风柱Enｄpaｎel column墙ｗａlｌ板slab plａｔe承重墙Beaｒｉnｇwalｌs柱网Ｃoluｍｎｇｒid支撑系统Ｂracｅsystｅm柱间支撑Portａl brａcing betwｅｅn cｏlumns 屋石支撑Rｏoｆbracinｇ垂直支撑Verｔical bｒacing水平支撑Ｈorｉｚontａl brａcing剪刀撑Ｃross bracing临时顶撑,支撑Shｏriｎg桁架式支撑Ｔruｓsed bｒacｉng斜撑Ｋneel-bｒａcｅ上弦Top chｏrd下弦Boｔtoｍcｈｏrd节间Ｐaneｌ节点Panｅl point压杆Compressioｎｍeｍbｅr;ｓｔｒｕt 拉杆Tenｓiｏｎmembｅr; Tie-beam腹杆Web mｅmber斜杆Diagoｎal ｍeｍber斜腹杆Ｄiａgonal ｗeｂmembｅr吊杆Ｈangｅd rod; saｇｒod系杆,拉杆Tie baｒ; ｓaｇrｏd天窗架Ｓkｙｌight frame天窗Ｍonitｏr；Sｋylight 托座、牛腿Brａcｋet檀条Purlin连接Connectｉon接点Joiｎt铰接点Ｈiｎged point固接点FｉxｅｄＪoint安装接点Eｒection joinｔ拼接接点Splice jｏint节点板、连接板Gusｓet ｐlａte; connectiｎｇｐlate 加劲板Stiffener ｐlate支撑板Beａring plａｔe填隙板Ｆilｌer pｌate梁柱接头Ｂeam-colｕmn conneｃtiｏns截面Cｒｏss seｃtion拱Arcｈ壳Shell伸缩缝Eｘpaｎsion joinｔ沉降缝Ｓettlement joｉnt施工缝Constrｕctｉoｎｊｏint防震缝Aｓeｉsmic joｉnt4．5.４结构理论用语Teｒmｓfor tｈeory oｆｓlrｕｃturesa）设计方法术语Termｓfｏr ｄesiｇn ｍethoｄ结构设计Strucｔuｒｅｄesigｎ按极限强度设计Uｌtｉmａte streｎgth desｉgn按许可应力设计Woｒking sｔress ｄesign按承载能力设计Loading caｐacity dｅｓign按稳定性设计Desｉgｎaccｏrdｉnｇto staｂiliｔy按变形设计Ｄesign ａccoｒding to dｅforｍation结构分析Ｓtructural analｙsis结构计算Structural ｃalculａtｉoｎ静定结构Staticａｌly deｔermiｎate ｓtructureｓ超静定结构Statiｃａlｌy ｉnｄetermｉnsｔe stｒuctu ｒes精确计算Riｇorｏus caｌｃｕｌａtiｏn近似计算Aｐｐroxｉmatｅcalcｕlation安全等级Sａfety clａsses极限状态Liｍiｔstates摩擦系数Ｃoｅffiｃient of fricｔion质量密度Mass densｉｔy重力密度Weight (Force）denｓitｙb) 结构的作用效应术语轴向力Normal force剪力Shear forｃe弯矩Bendingｍｏment扭矩Ｔorqｕe水平推力Horｉzontalｔhrust水平拉力Horizｏnｔal pull水平(垂直）分力Horizontaｌ(ｖerｔiｃal）componeｎt 合力Reｓultａnt正应力Norｍａlｓｔｒess剪应力Shear sｔresｓ主应力Pｒincipal strｅss次应力Sｅcｏｎdａｒy stｒｅss预应力Prestress位移Displａcｅment挠度Defｌｅctｉoｎ变形Ｄeｆoｒmaｔｉｏn弯曲Ｂending; Flｅxure扭转Ｔorｓionｃ)材料性能、结构抗力术语Teｒmｓoｆpropertｙof ｍaｔｅｒｉa ｌand reｓisｔaｍle of struｃtｕｒe抗力Resiｓtancc抵抗力矩Ｒesiｓｔante moment强度Stｒengｔh刚度Ｓtｉfｆｎess; Rigidity抗裂度Craｃk resiｓtａncｅ抗压强度Cｏmpｒessiue streｎｇtｈ抗拉强度Tensile strｅngth抗剪强度Shｅaｒstrength抗变强度Ｆlｃｘｕrａl sｔｒenｇtｈ抗扭强度Toｒsｉonaｌstrｅngth抗裂强度Cｒacking ｓtrength屈服强度Yield stｒenｇｔh疲劳强度Fａtigue strenｇtｈ弹性模量Mｏduｌus of elaｓtｉcity剪切模量Ｓhｅar ｍｏdulus变形模量Modｕlus ｏf defｏrmatioｎ稳定性Sｔaｂｉlith泊松比Ｐoissoｎraｔioｄ) 几何参数术语Terma oｆgeometry paｒａｍeｔer 截面高度Height oｆsecｔion截面有效高度Ｅffective depth of secｔion载面宽度Breaｄｔh of ｓｅction截面厚度Ｔhｉcknesｓof section截面面积Areａｏｆseｃtｉon截面面积矩Ｆirst moment ｏf area截面惯性矩Secoｎd moment ｏｆarea截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Sectｉｏn ｍoｄuｌus回转半径Raｄiuｓｏf gyratｉｏｎ偏心距ｅccentrｉcｉtｙ长度Length跨度Spaｎ矢高Rｖse长细比Slｅnderness ratio４.５.5 砖石结构Masonry coｎstructioｎ砖砌体Brｉckwork砌筑Layinｇ砖标号Gｒaｄe of brick; Strenｇｔｈof bｒick毛石砌体Rubble mａsｏnry毛石砼砌体Grouted rubｂle masonｒy水泥砂浆Cｅment mortar石灰砂浆Lｉme moｒｔaｒ水泥石灰砂浆cement-ｌｉme moｒtaｒ砂浆找平Ｍortar leｖelinｇ4.5．6 钢筋砼结构Reinｆoｒｃed coｎcｒｅteｓtruｃturｅ素混凝土Ｐlain coｎcreｔe钢筋混凝土Ｒeｉnforｃｅd conｃrｅte预应力砼Preｓtreｓseｄｃoncrete砼标号Graｄe of ｃoncrete钢号Grａdeｏf steeｌ整体式结构Monｏlithic structure装配式结构Aｓsemｂled structure预制构件Ｐｒeｃasｔelement；Fabricated ｅlement现浇Cａｓt-iｎ-sｉｔe；Pｌaced－iｎ-site浇灌砼Cｏｎcretｉng；Coｓｔion; Poｕｒing; Placing一次浇灌At onｅｐｏｕriｎg分二次浇灌Pｏuｒsｉn two operatiｏｎｓ二次灌浆Fiｎal grｏｕtｉｎｇ钢筋保护层Reinforceｍeｎt pｒotｅcｔivｅcoｕrse模板Formｗork；shｕtterinｇ拆模Form strｉpping预埋件Embedded inserts预留槽(洞)Groｏve（Hoｌe)to ｂeｐrｏvided垫层Beddｉng ｃｏursｅ找平层Ｌeveling cｏurse; Ｔrｏwelling coｕrse 4．５．7 配筋Reinforcement配筋率Ｐercenｔａge oｆｒｅinforcemenｔ主筋Main rｅinｆorlement分布筋Ｄisｔｒibuｔｉng rｅinfoｒｃｅmenｔ腹筋Wｅb reｉnｆｏrｃｅmeｎt开口箍筋U－ｓtirrupｓ闭口箍筋Cｌｏｓed stirｒups环筋Hoopｓ弯起钢筋Bent-up bar附加钢筋Ａdditionａl reinforcement搭接接头Lapped splice焊接接头Ｗelded splｉce钢筋间距Spａcｉng of rｅｉnforｃemｅｎt吊筋Suspendeｒ双向配筋Tｗo-ｗaｙｒｅinforｃed螺旋筋Spｉralｂaｒ温度筋Ｔeｍpeｒａtｕｒe reｉnforceｍent锚固长度Ancｈor leｎgｔh埋入长度Bｕilｔ-in length螺孔直径Diaｍetｅr oｆbｏｌｔhｏｌe螺孔中心线Centｅｒｌｉnｅof ｂolt hoｌe锚栓、地脚螺栓Anchｏr boｌｔ基础螺栓Ｆoｕndatｉon boｌt安装螺栓Ereｃtioｎbolt普通螺栓Common boｌｔ高强螺栓Hｉgｈｓtrenｇth bolt4．５.8 焊接Weldｉｎｇ电弧焊Elｅｃtric arc wｅｌdiｎg气焊,氧—乙炔焊Ｇas weｌｄinｇ;oｘｙ-acetylｅnｅw ｅｌｄing焊条Wｅldinｇeｌecｔroｄe；Welding-rod手工焊Mａｎuaｌwelding自动焊Autoｍａtic wｅｌdｉng车间焊接Ｓhop-wｅldｉnｇ现场焊接(工地焊接)Fiｅｌd－welｄed满焊Ｆull ｗeｌｄ搭接焊Ｌａｐwｅｌd贴角焊Ｆiｌlet welｄ点焊Ｓpot ｗeld对接焊Ｂuｔt welｄ仰焊Overhead weｌd双面贴角焊Ｆlat fillｅt weｌd iｎfront aｎd bacｋ连续贴角焊Cｏntinｕoｕｓｆillｅt wｅld间断贴角焊Inｔermｉtｔent fillet weld安装焊缝Ｅrectｉｏnｗelｄ单Ｖ形对接焊Singｌe V butｔｗeld双Ｖ形对接焊Dｏｕｂle V buｔｔweld4．５．9特种结构Ｓpeｃiaｌstruｃｔｕreｓ水塔Water towｅr高烟筒Talｌｃhimney冷却水塔Cooliｎg toｗer油罐Oil tａnｋ蓄水池Water reｓerｖoir管廊Pipe racｋ管架Piｐe supｐｏrt球罐Spｈeｒical tank裂解炉cｒａcｋｉnｇfｕrnaｃe 起重机、吊车Craｎe；Ｈoist。