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谚语翻译

谚语口译Interpreting Proverbs谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句,常为人们所引用。

在国际交往中,人们喜欢引用本国或外国的谚语。

例如美国前总统里根1984年4月访华时充满深情地说:Since we arrived the graciousness with which we have been received has been heartwarming.A Chinese proverb best describes my feeling:"When the visitor arrives,it is as if returning home.”(宾至如归。

)同年11月访华的挪威首相Willoch在欢迎宴席上说道:Although I have tried to follow the developments in your country from afar,I am very conscious of the truth of the Chinese proverb“Seeing is believing”.(眼见为实佰闻不如一见。

)谚语的准确转译是口译人员必须面对的一道难题。

好在许多谚语流传甚广,早已为我们所熟知。

例如,英语谚语A good beginning is half the battle/Well begun is half done,许多英语学习者都知道其含义及汉语译文,即“一个良好的开端是成功的一半”。

恐怕不会有人会将其译为“一个良好的开端是半场战斗”吧?因此,许多谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。

译员一方面要驱除恐惧心理,另一方面要正视困难。

事实上,世界各语种中有相当数量的谚语有着相似的语言形式和含意。

而且,千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流,往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越地理疆界,广为流传于其他民族。

久而久之,这些生命力强盛的外来谚语有的竟然反宾为主,成了本族语中最富活力的语句。

谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型,一种是“形同意合”的口译,第二种是“形似意合”的口译,第三种是“形异意合”的口译。

下面分别介绍这三种谚语。

英语和汉语两种语言中都有许多“形”同“愈”合的谚语。

例如英语的A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit与汉语的“吃一堑,长一智”,其形其意都极为吻合。

两种语言中存在着形意相合的谚语,这对译员来说,无疑是可喜可慰的。

请看以下各例谚语的英汉对照,无论是选词还是表意,英汉语都极为相近:Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

Money can't buy time.寸金难买寸光阴。

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

To teach is to learn.教学相长。

Like father,like son.有其父,必有其子。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

Fish in troubled waters.浑水摸鱼。

Business is business.公事公办。

The style is the man.文如其人。

More haste,less speed.欲速则不达。

Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。

Hedges have eyes,walls have ears.隔篱有眼,隔墙有耳。

Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人,成事在天。

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。

Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。

/岁月无情。

A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

.A man should not bite the hand that feeds him.不要恩将仇报。

Health is better than wealth.家有万贯财,不如一身健。

Out of office,out of danger.无官一身轻。

In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危。

The tongue cuts the throat.祸从口出。

/言多必失。

Out of sight,out of mind./Far from eye,far from heart.眼不见为净。

All shall be well,Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成眷属。

Friends must part聚散离合总有时。

/天下无不散之宴席。

The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘,后事之师。

/前车之覆,后车之鉴。

英汉语言中有许多谚语虽然“形”有所不同,但表意却有惊人的相似之处,例如英语中有Love me,love my dog一语,汉语里也有“爱屋及乌”之说。

通常对反应较快的口译人员来说,这类谚语的转译也比较容易应付。

以下各例均属这类谚语:Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕/一石双鸟。

Speak of the devil(and he will appear).说到曹操,曹操到。

A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。

Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡儆猴。

Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。

A word spoken is past recalling一言既出,驷马难追。

Once bit,twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。

Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚,人以群分。

Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草惊蛇。

In for a penny,in for a pound.一不做,二不休。

There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。

Have a card up one's sleeve.胸有成竹。

Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置。

Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金装,人要衣装。

As a man sows 。

he shall reap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。

Much will have more.得陇望蜀。

/得寸进尺。

The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主。

He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头,卖狗肉。

Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深。

Every potter praises his pot.王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸。

The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。

There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草。

Diamond cut diamond.强中更有强中手。

He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀。

Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短,吃了嘴软。

Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑。

Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲,暗箭难防。

Do one thing under cover of another.明修栈道,暗度陈仓。

Little strokes fell great oaks.滴水穿石。

/只要工夫深,铁棒磨成针。

Judge not a book by its cover.人不可以貌相,海水不可斗量。

All roads lead to Rome./All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归。

Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑。

A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影儿斜。

The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。

A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。

It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion 。

宁为鸡首,不为牛后。

It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./Better die with honor than live with shame.宁可玉碎,不为瓦全。

译员遇到第三类谚语时,常常会望“形”生“意”,造成误译。

例如英语谚语A horse stumbles that has four legs,若将其直译成。

有翻四条腿的马会失蹄”,这自然会给听者的理解带来困难,甚至会产生一种莫名其妙的感觉。

对于这类谚语的翻译,应采取“形相远而意相近”的译法,即以完全不同的词语将甲方语句的寓意准确地传达给乙方。

如果我们将上例A horse stumbles that has four legs译成“人非圣贤,孰能无过”或“金无足赤,人无完人”,不失之为成功的处理方法,汉译后,其形虽变,然其意依存。

以下各例谚语的双向口译均体现了“形相远而意相近”的翻译的原则:Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。

Names are debts.树大招风。

Common fame is a liar.盛名之下,其实难副。

Many kiss the baby for the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。

Nothing venture,nothing have.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。

/覆水难收。

True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼。

A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门。

A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做贼心虚。

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