2)
表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）
Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
_L_a_u_g_h_in_g__a_n_d_t_al_k_i_n_g_ , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动作同时发生） The building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）
5)表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。
与句中主语构成逻辑上 的主谓关系，先于谓语 动词发生。
与句中主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系
being+v.-ed (being done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系,且与谓语 动词同时发生，一般作 原因ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้语置于句首。
having been+v-ed (having been done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系,且先于谓 语动词发生。
由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作， 必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态） 同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充 说明。
2) Being ill, he was late for school.
1) He stood against the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况)
2) I stayed up very late, preparing my speech.(说明细节情况)
4.作条件状语 1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回 家了。
分词作状语
1.作时间状语 2.作原因状语 3. 作伴随状语
1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
2) Hearing the news, they got excited. 1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.
5.作让步状语 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
6.作结果状语 1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill. 2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. 注：现在分词作结果状语，表示 由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。
4) 表结果 Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)
全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢 迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country,_____m__a_k_in_g__it_t_h_e_m__o_st__p_o_p_u_la_r_s_o_n_g__.
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与 句子的主语保持一致。
2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上 的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词 作状语。
1）Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
2) Given much more time, he would do it better.
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作 发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1.分词作状语形式的选择
形式 v.ing (doing)
Having+v.-ed (having done) v.-ed (done)
意义
与句中主语构成逻辑上 的主谓关系，与句中谓 语动词同时发生，或基 本上同时发生。
1）表时间状语 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.