1 WhereasWhereas: con sideri ng that 鉴于，就... 而论（法律用语）例1Whereas the first Party is willi ng to employ the sec ond Party and the sec ond Party agrees to act as the first Party ' Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下例2Whereas Party B and Party A have en tered in to this Con tract to in stall Party A ' air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: Chin ese versi on for refere nee:鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：2 In Wit ness Whereof [❤1]_Whereby : In Witness Whereof :作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，可译为特此立（证）裾”，以此立（证）据”等；In Testimony Whereof :以此为证，特立此证；Whereby: by the agreeme nt; by the followi ng terms and con diti ons, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。
In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written[❤2]_ in accordanee with their respective laws.本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。
例2In Testim ony Whereof, we have hereto sig ned this docume nt on (day/month/year).我方于 _年 ______ 月_____ 日签署本文，特此证明。
例3A sales con tract refers to a con tract whereby the seller tran sfers the own ershipof an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
3 Know All Men by These Presents;[❤3]Un dersig ned; Now ThereforeUn dersig ned: [❤4]_Now Therefore:[❤5]_特此，因此等。
这个短语一般接whereas 之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，译兹”，特此”。
例1Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank ' name)__ having our registered office [❤6] at _____________ (hereinafter called f he Bank ”)will be bound unto[❤7] _(the Owner ' name)_ (hereinafter called the Owner ”) in sum of _____ for payment well and truly[❤8] to be made to the saidOwner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these prese nts.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称）,其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行）,向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。
本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力.例2The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close[❤9]_ the follow ing tran sacti on in accorda nee with the terms and con diti ons stipulated as follows:Chin ese versi on for refere nee:兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。
例3And Whereas we have agreed to give the Con tractor such BankGuarantee[❤10]_ ; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guara ntor and resp on sible to you, on behalf of the Con tractor, up to a total of_（amount of guarantee）_____ （in words[❤11] ） , such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies[❤12]_ in which the Con tract is payable.本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总金额为（大写）的保证金。
4 Un less Otherwise[❤13]This expression is more formal than i f not ” and Otherwise ”.除非。
例1:Un less otherwise specified]❤14]_i n_ the Con tract, the supplied Goods shall be packed by sta ndard protective measures.除非合同另有规定，（卖方）提供的全部货物，均应按标准的保护措施进行包装。
例2 :The Con tractor shall not subco ntract[❤15]_ the whole of the Works. Except where otherwise]❤16]_provided by the Con tract, the Con tractor shall not subc on tract any part of the Works without the prior consent of the engin eer.承包人不得将整个工程分包出去。
除合同另有规定外无工程师的事先同意，承包人不得将工程的任何部分分包出去。
例3The Con tractor shall, uni ess otherwise provided in the Con tract, make his own arran geme nts for the en gageme nt [❤17]_ of all staff and labor]❤18]_, local or other, and for their payme nt, hous ing, feed ingand tran sport.除非合同另有规定，承包人应自行安排从当地或其他地方雇用的所有职员和劳务人员，以及他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通。
5 In Accordanee with; Under; Pursuant to[❤19]In Accordanee with; Under; Pursuant to 根据，按照。
比according to 正式Perma nent Works ” means the perma nent works toexecuted]❤20]_ ”(i ncludi ng Pla nt) in accorda nee with the Con tract. Chin ese versi on for refere nee:永久工程”是根据合同将实施的永久工程(包括机械设备)。
例2Neither the Con sulta nts nor their Sub-c on sulta nts nor the Pers onnel of either of them shall, either directly or in directly, en gage in such bus in ess professional activities in China as conflict with the activities assigned to them un der this Con tract.咨询人，分包咨询人或两类人员，均不能直接或间接地在中国从事与本合同所赋予的活动相冲突的商业或职业活动。
例3Rete ntion Mon ey[❤21]_ ” mea ns the aggregate of monies[❤22]_retai ned by the Employer pursua nt to Sub-Clause 60.2(a). 保留金”是指业主根据第60.2( a)款规定留存的所有款项的总额。
6 In Respect of; In Respect Thereof]❤23]涉及，至于，在 ..... 方面，比about, concerning, as regards 正式。