1 Whereas
Whereas: con sideri ng that 鉴于，就... 而论（法律用语）
例1
Whereas the first Party is willi ng to employ the sec ond Party and the sec ond Party agrees to act as the first Party ' Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:
鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同
双方特此达成协议如下
例2
Whereas Party B and Party A have en tered in to this Con tract to in stall Party A ' air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: Chin ese versi on for refere nee:
鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：
2 In Wit ness Whereof [❤1]_
Whereby : In Witness Whereof :作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同
结尾条款中使用，可译为特此立（证）裾”，以此立（证）据”等；
In Testimony Whereof :以此为证，特立此证；
Whereby: by the agreeme nt; by the followi ng terms and con diti ons, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written[❤2]_ in accordanee with their respective laws.
本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。例2
In Testim ony Whereof, we have hereto sig ned this docume nt on (day/mon
th/year).
我方于 _年 ______ 月_____ 日签署本文，特此证明。
例3
A sales con tract refers to a con tract whereby the seller tran sfers the own ership
of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
3 Know All Men by These Presents;[❤3]
Un dersig ned; Now Therefore
Un dersig ned: [❤4]_
Now Therefore:[❤5]_特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas 之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，译兹”，特此”。例1
Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank ' name)__ having our registered office [❤6] at _____________ (hereinafter called f he Bank ”)will be bound unto[❤7] _(the Owner ' name)_ (hereinafter called the Owner ”) in sum of _____ for payment well and truly[❤8] to be made to the said
Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these prese nts.
根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称）,其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行）,向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力.
例2
The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close[❤9]_ the follow ing tran sacti on in accorda nee with the terms and con diti ons stipulated as follows:
Chin ese versi on for refere nee:
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。
例3
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Con tractor such Bank
Guarantee[❤10]_ ; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guara ntor and resp on sible to you, on behalf of the Con tractor, up to a total of_（amount of guarantee）_____ （in words[❤11] ） , such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies[❤12]_ in which the Con tract is payable.
本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以