4.3 standard solution
standard solution: a solution of known concentration Concentration of solution:
1. mass (weight) percent= (mass of solute / mass of solution) ×100%
Viscosity: The resistance of a substance to flow
Surface tension: the amount of energy required to expand the surface of a liquid by a unit area. Imparts membrane-like behavior to the surface.
Multiple unit cell: contain other lattice points in addition to those at the corners
Theoretical density: the mass of the unit cell divided by the volume of the unit cell
Henry’s law: At constant temperature, the partial pressure of a gas over a solution is directly proportional to the solubility of the gas in that solution
Solubility: the concentration of a saturated solution. unsaturated solution: can dissolve more solute. Supersaturated solution: holds more solute than would
Immisicible:
4.2 Ideal solution
Ideal solution of a molecular: the forces between all particle of both solvent and solute are identical.
Ideal solution of an ionic solute: the ions in solution are independent of each other and attracted only to solvent molecules.
be in equilibrium with undissolved solute
4.1 miscibility
Miscibility: the mutual solubility of two substances in the same phase.
Like dissolves like: Substances that are similar in structure, bonding, and especially in intermolecular forces tend to be highly or even infinitely miscible.
3.1 Crystal
Crystal: a solid that has a shape bounded by plane surfaces intersecting at fixed angles
Space lattice: a system of points representing sites with identical environments in the same orientation in the crystal
Unit cell: the most convenient small part of a space lattice, if repeated in three dimension, will generate the entire lattice.
3.1.1 Unit cell:
Primitive unit cell: a unit cell in which only the corners are occupied
（优质）物理化学专业术语 PPT课件
1.changes of state
melting
fusion
Solid
liquid
crystallizationvaporizatFra bibliotekongas
condensation
Solid sublimation gas
deposition
liquefaction
2.Fluidity of a substance
Polymorphous: able to crystallize in more than one crystal structure
Isomorphous: have the same crystal structure
4. Solution
Saturated solution: the concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that which would be in equilibrium with undissolved solute under the given conditions.
3. Solid
Amorphous solid: a substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions have a random and nonrepetitive threedimensional arrangement.
Crystalline solid: a substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions have a characteristic regular, and repetitive three-dimensional arrangement.