当前位置:文档之家› 合译法

合译法

Combination(合译法)所谓合译法,是指把原文中两个或两个以上的词合译成一个词,将两个或两个以上的简单句合译为一个句子,或将一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

英汉两种语言在句法结构上存在很大差异。

英语重“形合”,连接词较为发达,句子结构层层包孕,句子在空间上呈大树型结构,长句较多。

汉语重“意合”,句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词,积词成句,积句成章,流水句较多,呈线性排列,一句接一句,短句较多,句子结构呈竹竿型分布。

另外,英语的后置修饰语有时很长,而汉语的修饰语一般前置,不宜过长。

因此,为了符合汉语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达原文意思,在翻译时需要对原来的句子结构进行调整,即适当改变原文结构。

与分译法把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来,译成一个独立分句相反,合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起,用一个单句来表达,使其更符合汉语的表达方法。

由于英语句子一般比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多,但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并,故合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译,特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候,汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词,或重复使用某一代词作主语,在这种情况下,往往将原文数句合译为一句。

Combination in E-C Translation (合译法在英译汉中的应用)A.Words (词的合译)This technique is used to integrate two words of close meaning into one expression.词的合译是指把两个或两个以上的同义词合译成一个词,使译文清楚整齐。

Examples:1. You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square?译文:你们出钱,我们出人,这难道还不公平吗?2. His father is a man who forgives and forgets.译文:他的父亲非常宽容。

3. Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.译文:她的儿子非常聪明,可女儿却很笨。

4. He suffered aches and pains.译文:他遭受百般疼痛。

5. He is a man of culture and learning.译文:他是个很有学问的人。

Try to translate:1. He was kindly, generous and obliging.2. He was jealous and envious of his brother. He resented that his younger brother was sosuccessful.参考译文:1. 他乐善好施。

2. 他嫉妒他弟弟,痛恨弟弟取得了这么大的成功。

B.Phrases (固定词组的合译)英语和汉语各自有一套独特的语言表达系统。

在英语中,词的粘合力和搭配力较强,一个动词往往可以同多个名词或多个介词搭配,一个介词也往往与多个名词搭配,构成不同的动词短语和介词短语,在翻译时,无需逐词译出,可考虑用汉语的固定搭配,或者四字结构、四字成语去翻译,这样译文会更流畅,更符合汉语的行为习惯。

Examples:1.All the ones we have seen here have four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.译文:我们在此看到的所有人都是些眼高手低之辈。

2.He threw on a coat and left home in a hurry.译文:他套上一件衣服,匆匆忙忙地离开了家里。

3.I was examined and re-examined.译文:我受到再三诘问。

4.Kino hurrying towards his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.译文:基洛加快步伐,兴致勃勃地朝自己家走去。

5. The sooner he changes his mind,the better for him.译文:还是越早叫他回心转意越好些。

Try to translate:1. He likes to make lengthy speech.2. It’s obvious that she is the one who stands out from the rest.参考译文:1. 他发言喜欢长篇大论。

2. 很明显,她就是出类拔萃的那一个。

C.Idioms and slangs(习语、谚语和俚语的合译)Examples:1.To be mindful of personal gains and losses译文:患得患失2.To be on thin ice译文:如履薄冰3.To be wild with joy译文:欣喜若狂4.Beyond cure译文:不可救药5.To blow one’s own horn译文:自吹自擂Try to translate:1. To call white black2. As easy as turning over one’s hand3. To fish in troubled waters参考译文:1. 颠倒黑白2. 易如反掌3. 浑水摸鱼D.Simple Sentences (简单句的合译)在英译汉中,有时会把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子,这样能使译文更为简洁明了.Examples:1. He has been ill for many years. He died in loneliness finally.译文:他病了很多年。

他最终在孤独中死去。

(√)他生病多年后孤独的死去。

2. The river is very wide. One cannot see the opposite bank.译文:那条河很宽。

一个人看不到对岸。

(√)河宽得看不到对岸。

3. He came back to his hometown. He has left it for quite many years.译文:他回到了他的故乡。

他离开它已经很多年了。

(√)他回到了阔别已久的故乡。

4. He was very stupid. He even didn’t know how to do the s imple counting.译文:他很笨。

他甚至不懂做简单的算数。

(√)他笨得连简单的算数都不会。

5. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.译文:这里这些人都是从全国各地来的。

他们当中很多人是从南方来的。

(√)从全国各地来的这些人中有很多是南方人。

Try to translate:1. He took out a match and lit the candle. A light lit up the darkness.2. She wasn’t really listening. She was thinking about something else.3. We are all alike. We all have families.参考译文:1. 他掏出火柴,点燃蜡烛,照亮黑暗。

2. 她没有真的在听,而在想着别的什么事情。

3. 我们同样都有家。

pound Sentences (并列复合句的合译)英译汉中有时候可以将一个并列句合并成一个单独的句子。

Examples:1.In 1844 Engles met Marx, and they became friends.译文:1844年恩格斯遇见马克思,然后他们成为了朋友。

(√)1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。

2. The river ran down to Pisa from Florence, and then it reached the sea.译文:那条河从佛罗伦萨流到比萨,然后到达大海。

(√)那条河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。

3. It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.译文:时间是八月中旬,维修人员在烈日下工作。

(√)八月中旬,维修人员在烈日下工作。

4. Mark wasn’t able to escape from the fire. Neither were the children.译文:马克没能从火里逃生。

孩子们也没能逃生。

(√)马克和孩子都没能从火里逃生。

5. The Post Office was helpf ul, and Marconi applied in June, 1896, for the world’s first radiopatent.译文:邮局提供了帮助,马可尼于1896年6月获得了世界上第一项无线电专利。

(√)在邮局的帮助下,马可尼于1896年6月获得了世界上第一项无线电专利。

Try to translate:1. Neither has Mary wanted to rent a house,nor does her husband.2. Overwork may cause physical decline,and then insomnia may result.3. The time was half past ten, and the traffic on the street was light.参考译文:1. 玛丽和她丈夫都不想租房子。

2. 工作过度会造成体力下降进而导致失眠。

3. 十点半的时候街上的车辆已经很少了。

plex Sentences (复杂句及主从复合句的合译)在英译汉中,有时可以把原文中的主从复合句合译成一个简单句。

例如定语从句的翻译中,即将定语从句翻译成一个短语,放在被修饰名词之前。

Examples:1. He is not the one who will give up easily.译文:他不是一个轻易服输的人。

2. Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.译文:我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。

3. When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.译文:我在谈判时总是有些紧张,而我紧张时,就想吃东西。

相关主题