南京交通职业技术学院教案授课主要内容说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后Unit 2 HistoryLesson 4 A Brief History of the USA I．Revision:Oral homework：What’s your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文)参考资料Mount RashmoreMount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (left to right): George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). Abraham LincolnThe 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history---the Civil War.US Coat of ArmsThe Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782.The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags.Franklin RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 –April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys.II. New Lesson:Part I. Word BoxPart II. TextPre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to1. Who first came to America and how did they come there?(People migrated from Asia via Bering Land Bridge some 2000 years ago.They are called Native Americans.)2. Who was the first European to set foot on the new world? Why did hename the local people Indians?(Christopher Columbus came to Puerto Rico in 1492 and named the local people Indians) 3. Who proved that the land was not India?(Amerigo Vespucci proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.)The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge（白令海峡大陆桥）starting some 20,000 years ago.These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans.Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent.Amerigo Vespucci（亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇）, another navigator（航海家）proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.(2). English Colonial America (1067-1776)1. Where was the first colony founded?2. How many colonies did the British establish along the east coast of North America?3. Why did puritans leave their own countries?4. How did they establish the Plymouth colony?The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown(詹姆士镇), Virginia in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in search of religious freedomThe most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth(普利茅斯) in 1620, built the Plymouth colony.From 1630 to 1643, the great Puritan migration brought about 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.北美洲原为印第安人聚居地。

15世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等国开始向北美洲移民。

1606年英国在北美建起第一个城市——詹姆斯，后发展为弗吉尼亚殖民地。

17世纪和18 世纪上半叶，英国殖民者先后在东起大西洋沿岸，西至阿巴拉契亚山脉之间建立了13 个殖民地，残暴屠杀当地印第安人，并从非洲掠来大批黑人充当奴隶。

(3). Forming of the USA (1776-1849) (The War of Independence)1. What is the prelude of the War of Independence and how did it happen?2. What is the process of the war?In 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and Colonialmilitia units were organized.The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of IndependenceA Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington werefounded.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence.In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized theIndependence of the United States of America.3. What is the main characteristic of the constitution of the USA?4. How did the USA realize its territorial expansion?The prelude---With the rapid economic development, people of the 13 colonies desired more power to determine their own business, while the British government wanted to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.---In order to help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the company to sell tea at a lower price in the colonies through its own people.---This took away the tea business from American tea merchants. This unfair treatment led to the famous Boston Tea Party（波士顿倾茶事件）in 1773 which was considered as the prelude of the War of Independence.The War of Independence---In September 1774, the First Continental Congress（第一届大陆会议）was held in Philadelphia, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units（民兵部队）were organized.---The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence.Three weeks later, at the Second Continental Congress the delegates agreed to support the war.A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were founded. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the Declaration of Independence which was adopted on July 4, 1776.In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America.United States ConstitutionThe new United States Constitution favored a representative, elective government to replace the existing monarchical structures.The system of republicanism placed a primacy upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances. George Washington became the first President of the United States.1775年，波士顿人民武装起义，打响了北美人民反抗英国殖民统治的独立战争的第一枪。