1.关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。

元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。

英语中有48音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。

ap”ple, stu”dent, tea”cher, u n”d e r”s t a n d 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有20元音。

6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有28辅音。

7)开音节：绝对开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e：name bike home due;b)辅音+元音h e,g o,h i，h e,g o,h i8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

国际音标元音1、单元音：前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [æ]中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə]后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:]2、双元音：开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au]集中双元音 [iə] [εə] [uə]辅音1、爆破音：清辅音 [p] [t] [k]浊辅音 [b] [d] [g]2、摩擦音：清辅音 [f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h]浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]3、破擦音：清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts]浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz]4、鼻音浊辅音）：[m] [n] [ŋ]5、舌则音（浊辅音）：[l] [r]6、半元音（浊辅音）：[w] [j]字母音标A a [ei]B b [bi:]C c [si:]D d [di:]E e [i:]F f [ef]G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el]M m [em] N n [en] O o [əu] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:]S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:]W w [′d ʌ j blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed]1.元音:1) [ i:] 字母组合: ee ea e ie ei y举例：three tree green sheep meet beef see eat teameat leave lead teacher speak clean please he she me piece receive ceilingHeat the meat so we can eat.Blue sea, blue sea, please keep this key.A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.2) [ I ] 发音字母: i y e ui u a举例：sit pig big little many it is little six happy dictionarydefect decide deliciousA chicken is in the kitchen.A big pig hit my hip and it hurt a little bit.Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.3) [ æ ] 发音字母: a举例：bag hand happy hat map mad bad black backglad manHappy cat has a black hat.A red red apple, I love red red apple.4) [ e ] 字母组合: ea e a举例：head bread bed red elephant remember selllesson better desk hotel yes eggMy pet and pen were left on Terry’s bed.The eggs he sells everyday are better than everybody else sells.5) [ З:] [ə: ]字母组合: ir ur ear er or举例：girl shirt skirt thirty third bird turn nurse turtleThursday learn earth term her work worldA girl, a skirt, a girl has a skirt.6) [ ə] 字母组合 er or ar o a举例：teacher remember player speaker doctor actorauthor familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson around a ccount ago elephant bananaPanda in China don’t like banana.That doctor likes to eat carrots in winter.7) [a:] 字母组合: ar a举例：car farm card arm fast class glass plantA car is in a park.Smart Clark parked his car in a park where a lark sang in the dark.8) [ ʌ ] 发音字母: u o ou oo举例：up lunch fun gun nut cup bus come motherdose love above trouble blood floodMoney, money, give me money.Never trouble about trouble until trouble troubles you!9) [ɔ: ] 字母组合: al or au our ar举例：small wall talk tall ball walk short more lord horsefor forty sport author autumn caught four warmShe was born four years ago.She thought she ought to take a walk before four o’clock.10) [ ɔ ] ([ɒ]) 发音字母: o a举例：on hot lot fox box dog rock want wash watchWhat’s your name ?A dog is in a box.Bob has a good job and a lot of hobbies.Does a doctor doctor another doctor the way the doctor doing the doctor want s to be doctored, or does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor the other docto r in his own way？11) [u:] 字母组合: oo o u举例：food room goose tooth shoe do two true blue fullblue moon junk foodGive two true tools to the troops.12) [u] 字母组合: u oo ou举例： put full push look good foot book wood shouldcouldThis is a good book.I’m a good person. I do everything I should do!Underwood would read book if Underwood knew where his book was.Underw ood’s book was in Durwood’s woods.Underwood went into Durwood’s woods and got his book.13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey举例： name cake late plane April play say may waygreat break rain paint plain they greyThey play with me in the rain.I baked a cake in a rainy day in May.14) [ai] 发音字母 i y举例：bike fine find nine light night my try fly eyeA tiger has bright eyes in the forest of the night.15) [au] 字母组合： ou ow举例：house out ground sound loud around mouseflower down now cow howGet out, get out, get out of the house! How are you? Speak loudly! 16) [əʊ] 发音字母: o ow oa举例: me old go no know low below grow showboat coat goalI don’t know my mother is at home now.East or west, home is best.17) [ ɔi ] 字母组合: oy oi举例: boy toy oil soil voice choiceA boy has a toy.The spoiled boy lost his toy and made a lot of noise.18) [Iə] 字母组合： eer ear [iə]举例：beer deer ear near ideaI have an ear, I can hear.19) [ɛə] 字母组合： ar air ere举例： pear bear chair air fair there where careCan you dare? Can you dare?Can you see a bear? Where? Where?There, there, a bear in a square.Be there or be square. 不见不散20) [ʊə] 字母组合: ure [uə]举例：sure poor tourI’m sure, you are poor!2、辅音清辅音:21. [ p ] 字母组合: p举例：pen pet paper plantA big black bear sits on a big black bug,A big black bug bits a big black dog on his big black nose.22. [ t ] 字母组合: t举例： time table stay toyA tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.Good better best, never let it rest, till good is better, and better best .23. [ k ] 字母组合: k c ck举例： kite king kitchen can car cake trick lockI like chocolate.A cat may look at the king.24. [ f ] 字母组合: f ph gh举例： foot feet fog phone photo elephantFrank’s father found Frank fooling with Frank’s father’s phone.Five, five, Give me five!25. [ θ ] 字母组合: th举例：thin thank three thing bathSomething is better than nothing.A mouse has a mouth.I thought a thought but the thought I thought I thought was not the thought I th ought .If the thought I thought had been the thought I thought I thought ,I would not have thought so much .26. [ s ] 字母组合: s c举例：six sing snow cinema cityI scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream!27. [ ts ] 字母组合: ts举例：ants streets studentsShe has lots of cats.A box of biscuits,a box of mixed biscuits.Bob bought three boxes of biscuits and two boxes of mixed biscuits.28. [ tr ] 字母组合: tr举例： tree truck tryThe tacky tractor trailers trucks.29. [ ʃ ] 字母组合: sh举例： ship shoe shop shortShould Shawn shave a short man with short hair or a shy man whose short le gs are shaking?She sells seashells by the sea shore.30. [ tʃ ] 字母组合: ch举例： chair chicken chineseThe chief chief chewed the cheap cheese.31. [ h ] 字母组合: h举例： hot he hat has he hard halfHe hopes to have a happy holiday.A horse is in the house.I heard Henry has got hurt from the horse riding.浊辅音:32. [ b ] 字母组合: b举例：boy ball bed bagBarking dogs do not bite.Bob’s bike is broken by a bad guy.Betty has some bitter butter so she bought some better butter to make the bitt er butter better.33. [ d ] 字母组合: d举例：dog do day doctorDan didn’t drive directly to Denver, did he?34. [ g ] 字母组合: g举例：big lag glass gum good guest get go girl goodA good beginning makes a good ending.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?A good cook cooks good cookies.Goldie gold has a golden gate in her golden garden.35. [ r ] 字母组合: r举例： red read rain run write wrong problemI borrowed some fresh fruits from our across-road neighbor, Rose, last Friday. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.36. [ v ] 字母组合: v举例： van voice seven elevenVarious visitors visited the village .Vivien sold her violin and bought a van from Victor.37. [ ð ] 字母组合: th举例： this that these thoseI’d rather bathe in a southern sea than wear thick clothes as northerners do .38. [ z ] 字母组合: z s举例： zoo zero pizza these those close keys boysShe sells sea shells on the seashore.The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.39. [ dz ] 字母组合: ds举例： beds handsEdward's seeds are in that child's hands.40. [ dr ] 字母组合: dr举例： dry drink dress driverI had a strange dream in the train.I drank a lot last night, and then I dreamed a dreadful dragon.41. [ ʒ ] 字母组合: si(on）举例：measure pleasure leisure usually televisionGeorge placed his broken televisions in the garage. In his garage there havebeen three broken televisions.42. [ dʒ ] 字母组合: g举例： orange gentle page age large villageThey reach the large village in the end.John urges Jane to buy a digital watch.其他辅音:43. [ m ] 字母组合: m举例： many meat mother music Tom mumI’m an amazing person. I make every effort to achieve more!A warm summer morning makes me merry.A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.44. [ n ] 字母组合: n举例： no not noodle new now lendI’m a confident person. If I don’t do it, nobody can!A friend in need is a friend indeed.Nina never knew her new neighbor Nero knew her.45. [ l ] 字母组合: l举例： look long left light let late like leadLook at the light on your right.Look before you leap.Luke really likes lots of fried rice daily.Don’t call me a doll, I’m only a ball.46. [ ŋ ] 字母组合: ng举例：long sing ring bring think goingI’m an easygoing person. I never get angry at anything or with anybody! Your singing and dancing are charming.47. [ j ] 字母组合: y举例： year yellow you yes few yard musicYou usually clean your yard.The yellow bird has yelled for many years in the yard of Yale .48. [ w ] 字母组合: w wh举例： word winter window What where when well workWhere there is a will, there is a way.“www” is short for “World Wide Web”Would you like to wait a while for some warm wine to keep you warm?If two witches watched two watches ,which witch would watch which watch ? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch ?。