常用单词用法1.劝告advise caution warn admonish counseladvise: 普通用词，vet/vi,泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。

用法：及物动词advise+ thatWe advised her that she (should) wait.我们劝她等。

Advise sb against doing sth/ sth 劝某人不做某事We advised him against acting in haste.我们劝他不要匆忙行事。

不及物动词advise againstI advised against their doing it.我劝他们不要做这件事。

名词：（不可数）advice劝告, 忠告, 意见；消息, 报道; (商业)通知Give advice 提供建议，劝告take advice 接受建议，劝告caution : 主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。

及物动词&不及物动词警告,告诫,使小心[(+about/against/for)]caution oneself against error谨防有误The policeman cautioned me for parking here.警察警告我不可在此停车。

名词：（不可数）小心, 谨慎, 慎重, 警告Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。

warn: 含义caution 同，但语气较重，尤指重后果。

及物动词/不及物动词1.警告;告诫;提醒[(+of/against/about)]He warned me against going outside alone at night.他提醒我晚上不要单独出去。

The police warned us not to go out at night.警察告诫我们夜间不要出门。

They warned him of/about the danger.他们警告他有危险。

2.预先通知[(+of)The weather station warned that a hurricane was coming.气象台预报飓风即将来临。

admonish: 一般指年长者或领导对已犯错误的或有过失的人提出的忠告或警告以避免类似错误。

及物动词劝告, 训诫；(温和地)责备，轻责Admonish your friends in private, praise them in public.明赞朋，暗谏友。

Mr. Green admonished me for drinking too much.格林先生警告我喝酒太多了。

counsel: 正式用词，语气比advise强一些，侧重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。

及物动词劝告,忠告;提议[(+on)][O2]His job is to counsel students on how to choose a career.他的工作是辅导学生就业。

名词忠告, 劝告；辩护律师, 法律顾问；商议,审议Give counsel 提供咨询take counsel with sb 征求某人意见2.保护defend protect safeguard guard shield shelter harbor defend: 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。

用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。

及物动词&不及物动词防御;保卫;保护We shall defend our city, whatever the cost may be.不管代价如何,我们要捍卫我们的城市。

compel sb. to defend himself迫使进行自卫defend the honor of one's country维护国家的声誉Defend with采取…手段保卫【律】为...辩护;作...的辩护律师She defended herself successfully in court.她在法庭上成功地为自己作了辩护。

protect: 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。

及物动词保护,防护[(+against/from)]May God protect you from harm.愿上帝保佑你免受伤害。

Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。

protect intellectual property保护知识产权safeguard: 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危。

及物动词保护;防卫[(+from)]This agreement will safeguard the newspapers from government interference.这一协议将保护报纸不受政府干涉。

为...提供防护措施Insurance will safeguard your property.保险会使你的财产得到保障。

safeguard lawful rights and interests维护合法权益名词可数名词保护;防卫;预防措施;保证条款[(+against)]The new law constitutes a safeguard against the abuse of government power.新法律可以防止滥用政府权力。

guard: 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。

及物动词&不及物动词[(+against/from)]guard against external aggression防御外来侵略A helmet guards your head against/from injuries.头盔可以保护你的头部免受伤害。

名词（可数）警戒, 警惕, 守卫；卫兵；防护装置shield: 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。

保护;保卫[(+from)]Her hat shielded her eyes from the sun.她的帽子遮住太阳光保护她的眼睛。

庇护;包庇;掩盖He lied to the court to shield his friend.他对法庭说谎以包庇自己的朋友。

挡开,避开[(+off)]These trees will shield off arid winds名词（可数）盾, 盾牌；护罩; 防护物Dark glasses are an effective shield against the glare.墨镜能有效地遮挡强光。

shelter : 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。

及物动词(使)掩蔽,遮蔽;庇护;保护[(+from)]The wall sheltered us from the wind.墙壁遮挡着,使我们免遭风吹。

She was accused of sheltering a murderer.她被指控隐匿凶手。

不及物动词躲避;避难[Q][(+from)]They sheltered from the sun under a tree.名词遮盖物;躲避处;避难所[可数][(+from)]The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.雨伞不太遮挡得住大雨。

掩蔽,遮蔽;庇护,保护;避难[不可数[(+from)]Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. 他们所急需的是吃的,穿的和住的。

harbor: 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。

及物动词庇护;藏匿;收养(动物等)He is accused of harboring an escaped convict.他被指控窝藏逃犯。

心怀,怀有He still harbors a grudge against me.他对我仍怀有怨恨。

不及物动词(船)入港停泊；躲入安全地;躲藏;居住;生存Crabs harbor in holes.蟹躲藏在洞里。

名词（可数&不可数）3.“结束，完成”complete finish end close conclude terminate accomplish complete: 侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。

使齐全;使完整Complete the sentences in the exercise by filling in the blanks.在空白处填充使练习中各句成为完整句。

完成;结束By the end of August we had completed the work.我们到八月底就完成了这项工作。

形容词完整的;全部的；完全的,彻底的finish: 与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。

及物动词&不及物动词结束，完成；用完;吃完We'll never finish if we go on at this rate.以这样的速度, 我们永远也完不成。

Finish off your food.吃干净吧。

名词结束, 完成, 最后阶段end: 最普通用词，着重事情的完成。

也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。

及物动词&不及物动词终止，结束The strike was ended.罢工已经结束。

名词最后部分，结尾，死去close: 普通用词，着重行为的终止或结束，不强调其目的。

及物动词&不及物动词关闭，终止；结束;结清(帐目);商定(交易)The company has decided to close down its three branches in Europe.该公司已决定关闭它在欧洲的三个分公司。

I have closed my account at that bank.我已结清了我在该银行的帐户。

形容词亲近的，关系密切的；势均力敌的；接近的Close relationship密切的关系Close to danger濒临险境名词终点，结束conclude : 正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终。

结束[(+by/with)]We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.我们九点钟结束了会议。

推断出,断定[W][Y][+that]From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a chain smoker.从他的外表，我们可以有把握地断定他烟抽得很凶。