虚拟语气一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you.2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. (从句---用过去,主句---用现在)5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:(1)用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是)有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have do ne it.What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)(2) 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。

如: I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。

6. If虚拟条件句的倒装省略连词if。

在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.Had he taken my advice(If he had taken…), he would have succeeded.二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。

表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。

如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、command、order、suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、request、等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。

如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she (should) be operated.2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。

如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。

如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。

如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。

反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。

如：It is pity that you can’t swim.三．虚拟语气在其它场合的运用1.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。

如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.2. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) …”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。

如：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we should go / went to school.3. 虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。

如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.4. 在一些习惯表达中如：would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。

从句的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。

在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。

如：I’d rather you left right away.Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.Frankly, I’d rather you had said nothing about it at the meeting yesterday.5.用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

虚拟语气练习题( A )1. If I _____ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were2. If I _____ the way to New York, I _____.A. knew ; would driveB. knew; will driveC. knew; would have driveD. had known; would drive3. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _______ you.A. would attackB. should attackC. would have attackedD. will attack4. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was/ shall payB. am/ will payC. would be/ would payD. were/ would pay5. --- I thought you would come back tomorrow. --- I would if I _____ to attend a meeting.A. don’t haveB. didn’t haveC. will not haveD. would not have6. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn' t beB. had been ill; wouldn't have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn't been ill; could be( B )7. If you had told me in advance, I ______ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had meetC. would have metD. would have meet8. If it ______ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A. had rainedB. would had rainedC. have seenD. did see9. I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had10. The Bakers arrived last night, i f they’d let us know earlier, ______ at the station.A. we’d meet themB. we’ll meet themC. we’d have met themD. we’ve met them11. If I had known that, I ______ so.A. wouldn’t doB. wouldn’t have doneC. won’t doD. have not done12. ---Helen couldn’t got to France after all.---That’s too bad, I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _______.A. she’s goneB. she’ll goC. she’d goneD. she’d go13. She couldn’t hav e answered the question if she ______ a few books on world history.A. hadn’t readB. hasn’t readC. wouldn’t readD. didn’t read14. We might have failed if you _______ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not givenD. did not give15. You did not let me drive. If we _______in turn, you _______ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got( C )16 If he ______ to the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to the problem now.A. had listened, would have knownB. listened, would knowC. listened, would have knownD. had listened, would know17. If you were old enough, I ______ you to go there yesterday.A. will allowB. should allowC. would have allowedD. had allowed18. If it _____ for the snow, we ________ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb( D )19. ______more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been20. _____it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will21. ______, I would take an umbrella with me.A. Had I been youB. I were youC. Were I youD. I had been you22. ______ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.A. Were thereB. There areC. There wasD. Is there23. Had I known her name, ________.A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautifulD. I would have invited her to lunch24. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves25. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.A. Were; notB. Had; not beenC. Should; not beenD. Did; be26. ______ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the film so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not27. ____ I to tell her about it, she would be very glad.A. ShouldB. WouldC. WereD. Might( E )28. Without your help, I _____ in my English study.A. would not have succeededB. hadn’t succeededC. will not succeedD. won’t have succeeded29. Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be30 . Without sunlight or water or air, there _____ no life on the earth.A. will haveB. would beC. should beD. must be31. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth at night___,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly32. But for your advice, I_____ into trouble.A. would getB. gotC. might have gotD. should get33. But for the snow, we _______ earlier.A. will arriveB. should have arrivedC. arriveD. arrived34. ---Where have you been? ---I got caught in the traffic; _____ I could have been here soon.A. otherwiseB. howeverC. thoughD. anyway35. John was very busy last week, otherwise, he _________ to attend the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. should comeD. came36. I would have come earlier, but I ______ that you were waiting for me.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knowC. would have knownD. haven’t known37. I would have gone there with you but I _____ too tired then.A. wereB. had beenC. wasD. have been38.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.A. am not invitedB. was not invitedC. shall not be invitedD. am not being invited(F)39. The boy acted ______ he had never lived in Canada before.A. as thoughB. even ifC. asD. since40. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______ everything.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known41. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.A. breaksB. has brokenC.were brokenD. had been broken42. The thief closed his eyes _____ he _____ dying.A. even if; wasB. even though; would beC. when; had beenD. as if; were43. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling44. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had knownB. would knowC. should knowD. knew45 If only I _____ your advice! A. had taken B. took C. would take D. have taken46. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going47. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. were able to48. I’d rather you ______ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave49. Don’t come this afternoon. I’d rather you _____ tomorrow.A. comeB. to comeC. cameD. will come50. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ nothing about it at the meeting yesterday.A. saidB. had saidC. saidD. should51. She would rather _______ more money on books _______ on clothes.A. cost; notB. to spare; don’tC. pay; thanD. spend; than52. Isn’t it about time that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. wentB. shall goC. goD. will go53. It is high time we ___ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum( G )54. I recommended that the student ________ his composition as soon as possible.A. finishing writingB. should finish the writingC. finish writingD. finished writing55. The Law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. had C will have D. have56. He demanded that the laboratory report ____ immediately after the experiment was done.A. was writtenB. be writtenC. must be writtenD. would be written.57. She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it.A. hadn’t spokenB. shouldn’t speakC.wouldn’t speakD. not speak58. The librarian insists that John _______ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes59. The young man insisted that he ______ nothing wrong and ______ free immediately.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set60. My sister advised me that I _____ accept the invitation.A. couldB. mustC. shouldD. might61.Our monitor requested that ________.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more carefully62. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library.A. is allowedB. be allowedC. should allowD. will be allowed63. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _____ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A.give B. should give C. be given D. would be given64. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _____ before 6.A. was finishedB. will finishC. be finishedD. shall be finished65. The secretary suggested that they _____ the men in at once.A. had broughtB. should have broughtC. broughtD. bring66. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan.A.didn’t agreeB.hadn’t agreedC.wouldn’t agreeD.not agree。